Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
| Judicial Committee of the Privy Council | |
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Royal Arms as used by the Privy Council
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| Established | 1833 |
| Country | Certain members of the Commonwealth of Nations |
| Location | Middlesex Guildhall, City of Westminster, London, UK |
| Coordinates | 51°30′01.3″N 0°07′41.3″W / 51.500361°N 0.128139°WCoordinates: 51°30′01.3″N 0°07′41.3″W / 51.500361°N 0.128139°W |
| Authorized by | HM Government via the Judicial Committee Act 1833 |
| Website | www.jcpc.uk |
| Her Majesty in Council | |
| Currently | Elizabeth II |
| Since | 6 February 1952 |
The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) is one of the highest judicial bodies in the United Kingdom. Established by the Judicial Committee Act 1833 (or with the Privy Council Appeals Act 1832) to hear appeals formerly heard by the King-in-Council (s. 3), the Privy Council formerly acted as the High Court of Appeal for the entire British Empire (other than for the United Kingdom itself), and continues to act as the highest court of appeal (or court of last resort) for several independent Commonwealth nations, the Crown Dependencies, and the British Overseas Territories.
The Judicial Committee consists of senior judges appointed as Privy Councillors: predominantly Justices of the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom and senior judges from the Commonwealth. It is often referred to as the Privy Council, as in most cases appeals are nominally made to "Her Majesty in Council" (i.e. the British monarch as formally advised by her Privy Counsellors), who then refer the case to the Judicial Committee for "advice". The panel of judges (typically five in number) hearing a particular case is known as "the Board". The "report" of the Board is always accepted by the Queen in Council as judgment.
In Commonwealth republics retaining the JCPC as their final court of appeal, appeals are made directly to the Judicial Committee itself. In the case of Brunei, appeals are made to the Sultan of Brunei, who then refers the case to the Judicial Committee for advice.
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