Ryanodine receptor
| RyR domain | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | RyR | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF02026 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR003032 | ||||||||
| TCDB | 1.A.3 | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 8 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 5gl0 | ||||||||
|
|||||||||
| Available protein structures: | |
|---|---|
| Pfam | structures |
| PDB | RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj |
| PDBsum | structure summary |
| ryanodine receptor 1 (skeletal) | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | RYR1 |
| Alt. symbols | MHS, MHS1, CCO |
| Entrez | 6261 |
| HUGO | 10483 |
| OMIM | 180901 |
| RefSeq | NM_000540 |
| UniProt | P21817 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 19 q13.1 |
| ryanodine receptor 2 (cardiac) | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | RYR2 |
| Entrez | 6262 |
| HUGO | 10484 |
| OMIM | 180902 |
| RefSeq | NM_001035 |
| UniProt | Q92736 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 1 q42.1-q43 |
| ryanodine receptor 3 | |
|---|---|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | RYR3 |
| Entrez | 6263 |
| HUGO | 10485 |
| OMIM | 180903 |
| RefSeq | NM_001036 |
| UniProt | Q15413 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 15 q14-q15 |
Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) form a class of intracellular calcium channels in various forms of excitable animal tissue like muscles and neurons. There are three major isoforms of the ryanodine receptor, which are found in different tissues and participate in different signaling pathways involving calcium release from intracellular organelles. The RYR2 ryanodine receptor isoform is the major cellular mediator of calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) in animal cells.
The ryanodine receptors are named after the plant alkaloid ryanodine, to which they show a high affinity:
There are multiple isoforms of ryanodine receptors:
Ryanodine receptors mediate the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction. In skeletal muscle, activation of ryanodine receptors occurs via a physical coupling to the dihydropyridine receptor (a voltage dependent L-type calcium channel), whereas, in cardiac muscle, the primary mechanism of activation is calcium-induced calcium release, which causes calcium outflow from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
It has been shown that calcium release from a number of ryanodine receptors in a ryanodine receptor cluster results in a spatiotemporally restricted rise in cytosolic calcium that can be visualised as a calcium spark. Ryanodine receptors are very close to mitochondria and calcium release from RyR has been shown to regulate ATP production in heart and pancreas cells.
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