Russia-Ukraine relations
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Russia–Ukraine relations (Ukrainian: Українсько-російські відносини, Russian: Российско-украинские отношения) were transitioned into international relations during the 1990s immediately upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union, of which both had been founding constituent republics. Established sometime in the 18th century, the relations were discontinued upon liquidation of Cossack Hetmanate's autonomy by Catherine the Great in the 18th century. For a short period of time the relations were reinstated during World War I, soon after the Communist October Revolution. In 1920 Ukraine was overrun by Soviet Russia and relations between the two states transitioned from international to internal ones within the Soviet Union.
On 10 February 2015, in response to Russian military intervention, the parliament of Ukraine has registered a draft decree on suspending diplomatic relations with Russian Federation. Although this suspension did not materialize, Ukrainian official Dmytro Kuleba (permanent representative of Ukraine in Council of Europe) admitted early April 2016 that diplomatic relations had been reduced "almost to zero".
On 5 October 2016, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine officially recommended its citizens to avoid any type of travel to Russia or transit through its territory claiming Russian law enforcers' growing number of groundless arrests of Ukrainian citizens who are often "rudely treated using illegal methods of physical and psychological pressure, torture and other acts violating human rights and dignity".
Russia has an embassy in Kyiv and consulates in Kharkiv, Lviv, and Odesa. Ukraine has an embassy in Moscow and consulates in Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Tyumen and Vladivostok. The Ukrainian ambassador to Russia has been recalled since March 2014. Since then, Ukraine’s highest diplomatic representation in Russia is its temporary chargé d'affaires. Similarly, since July 2016, after the Russian ambassador to Ukraine was relieved, Russia's highest diplomatic representation in Ukraine is also its temporary chargé d'affaires.
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