Ruhallah Khomeini
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Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini |
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| 1st Supreme Leader of Iran | |
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In office 3 December 1979 – 3 June 1989 |
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| President |
Abolhassan Banisadr Mohammad-Ali Rajai Ali Khamenei |
| Prime Minister |
Mehdi Bazargan Mohammad-Ali Rajai Mohammad-Javad Bahonar Mahdavi Kani Mir-Hossein Mousavi |
| Preceded by |
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi As Shah of Iran |
| Succeeded by | Ali Khamenei |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
24 September 1902 Khomeyn, Qajar Iran |
| Died | 3 June 1989 (aged 86) Tehran, Iran |
| Nationality | Iranian |
| Political party | Islamic Republican Party |
| Spouse(s) | Khadijeh Saqafi (m. 1929–89) |
| Children |
Mostafa Zahra Sadiqeh Farideh Ahmad |
| Religion | Shia Islam (Twelver) |
| Signature |  |
| Website | www.imam-khomeini.ir |
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Styles of Ruhollah Khomeini |
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| Reference style | Eminent marji' al-taqlid, Ayatullah al-Uzma Imam Khumayni |
| Spoken style | Imam Khomeini |
| Religious style | Ayatullah al-Uzma Ruhollah Khomeini |
Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (Persian: سید روحالله موسوی خمینی, [ruːhoɫˈɫɑːhe χomeiˈniː], 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher revolutionary, and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. He was succeeded by Ali Khamenei on 4 June 1989.
Khomeini was a marja ("source of emulation") in Twelver Shia Islam, a Mujtahid or faqih (an expert in Islamic law) and author of more than 40 books, but he is primarily known for his political activities. He spent more than 15 years in exile for his opposition to the last Shah. In his writings and preachings he expanded the theory of velayat-e faqih, the "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (clerical authority)", to include theocratic political rule by Islamic jurists. This principle (though not known to the wider public before the revolution), was appended to the new Iranian constitution after being put to a referendum. According to New York Times, Khomeini called democracy the equivalent of prostitution. Whether Khomeini's ideas are compatible with democracy and whether he intended the Islamic Republic to be democratic is disputed.
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