Rotwelsch

Rotwelsch (German: [ˈʁoːtvɛlʃ]) or Gaunersprache (German: [ˈɡaʊnɐʃpʁaːxə], " ") is a secret language, a cant or thieves' argot, spoken by covert groups primarily in southern Germany and Switzerland.

Rotwelsch was formerly common among travelling craftspeople and vagrants. The language is built on a strong substratum of German, but contains numerous words from other languages, notably from various German dialects, including Yiddish, as well as from Romany languages, notably Sintitikes. There are also significant influences from Judæo-Latin, the ancient Jewish language of the Roman Empire. Rotwelsch has also played a great role in the development of the Yeniche language. In form and development, it closely parallels the commercial speech ("shopkeeper language") of German-speaking regions.

Because of its development as a means of conveying information about goods and transactions, Rotwelsch has no terms for abstractions. For example, it has no direct translations for the seasons such as spring and autumn. Instead, it uses Bibberling (literally, "shiver-ling") and Hitzling (literally, "heat-ling") in place of season names.

Other vocabulary examples, compared to their German counterparts, include:

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