Rostov on Don
| Rostov-on-Don (English) Ростов-на-Дону (Russian) |
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 Views of Rostov-on-Don |
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.svg) Location of Rostov Oblast in Russia |
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 Rostov-on-Don
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| Anthem | none |
| City Day | Third Sunday of September |
| Administrative status (as of November 2014) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Rostov Oblast |
| Administratively subordinated to | Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug |
| Administrative center of | Rostov Oblast, Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug |
| Municipal status (as of November 2008) | |
| Urban okrug | Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug |
| Administrative center of | Rostov-na-Donu Urban Okrug |
| Head | Zinaida Neyarokhina |
| Representative body | City Duma |
| Statistics | |
| Area | 348.5 km2 (134.6 sq mi) |
| Population (2010 Census) | 1,089,261 inhabitants |
| - Rank in 2010 | 10th |
| Population (January 2014 est.) | 1,109,800 inhabitants |
| Density | 3,126/km2 (8,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| Founded | 1749 |
| City status since | 1796 |
| Postal code(s) | 344000–344002, 344004, 344006, 344007, 344009–344013, 344015, 344016, 344018–344023, 344025, 344029, 344030, 344032–344034, 344037–344039, 344041, 344045, 344048, 344050, 344052, 344055, 344056, 344058, 344064, 344065, 344068, 344069, 344072, 344079, 344082, 344090–344095, 344101, 344103, 344111–344114, 344116, 344700, 344880, 344890, 344899, 344960–344965, 344999, 901078, 995100 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 863 |
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Rostov-on-Don (Russian: Росто́в-на-Дону́, tr. Rostov-na-Donu; IPA: [rɐˈstof nə dɐˈnu]) is a port city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Southern Federal District of Russia. It lies in the southeastern part of the East European Plain on the Don River, 32 kilometers (20 mi) from the Sea of Azov. The southwestern suburbs of the city abut the Don River delta. Population: 1,089,261 (2010 Census);1,068,267 (2002 Census);1,019,305 (1989 Census).
From ancient times, the area around the mouth of the Don River has held cultural and commercial importance. Ancient indigenous inhabitants included the Scythian, Sarmat, and Savromat tribes. It was the site of Tanais, an ancient Greek colony, Fort Tana, under the Genoese and Fort Azak in the time of the Ottoman Empire.
In 1749, a custom house was established on the Temernik River, a tributary of the Don, by edict of Empress Elizabeth, the daughter of Peter the Great, in order to control trade with Turkey. It was co-located with a fortress named for Dimitry of Rostov, a metropolitan bishop of the old northern town of Rostov the Great. Azov, a town closer to the Sea of Azov on the Don, gradually lost its commercial importance in the region to the new fortress.
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