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Roman Republic (1849)

Roman Republic
Repubblica Romana
Unrecognized state
1849
Flag
State and Civil Flag
Motto
DIO E POPOLO
(English: God and People)
Anthem
Il Canto degli Italiani  (Italian)
"The Song of the Italians"
Capital Rome
Languages Italian (Romanesco)
Religion Roman Catholicism
Judaism
Government Directorial parliamentary republic
Triumvirate
 •  1849
History
 •  Established February 9, 1849
 •  Election January 21, 1849
 •  Disestablished July 2, 1849
 •  Invasion April 25, 1849
Area
 •  1849 12,100 km2 (4,700 sq mi)
Population
 •  1849 est. 3,000,000 
     Density 248/km2 (642/sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Papal States
Papal States
Today part of  Italy

The Roman Republic was a state declared on February 9, 1849, when the government of Papal States was temporarily replaced by a republican government due to Pope Pius IX's flight to Gaeta. The republic was led by Carlo Armellini, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Aurelio Saffi. Together they formed a triumvirate, a reflection of a form of government seen in the ancient Roman Republic.

One of the major innovations the Republic hoped to achieve was enshrined in its constitution: all religions could be practiced freely and the pope was guaranteed the right to govern the Catholic Church. These religious freedoms were quite different from the situation under the preceding government, which allowed only Catholicism and Judaism to be practiced by citizens. The Constitution of the Roman Republic was the first in the world to abolish capital punishment in its constitutional law.

On November 15, 1848, Pellegrino Rossi, the Minister of Justice of the Papal government, was assassinated. The following day, the liberals of Rome filled the streets, where various groups demanded a democratic government, social reforms and a declaration of war against the Empire of Austria. On the night of November 24, Pope Pius IX left Rome disguised as an ordinary priest, and went out of the state to Gaeta, a fortress in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. Before leaving he had allowed the formation of a government led by Archbishop Carlo Emanuele Muzzarelli, to whom he wrote a note before leaving:


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Wikipedia

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