Road signs in the Republic of Ireland mostly differ from the traffic signs used elsewhere in Europe. Directional signage is similar to that of the United Kingdom, but is bilingual. Distances are in kilometres. Apart from directional signage, the basic prohibitory signs such as "no left turn" and "no right turn" are among the few standard signs used in the Republic of Ireland. The most widespread signage, hazard or warning signs, employs the yellow diamond layout used in the United States, Canada, Australia and elsewhere, but nowhere else in Europe. The actual symbols used on these warning signs, however, often bear a closer resemblance to those used in the rest of Europe than to those seen in the US. On 20 January 2005, the Republic of Ireland fully adopted metric speed limits. Around 35,000 existing signs were replaced and a further 23,000 new signs erected bearing the speed limit in kilometres per hour. To avoid confusion with the old signs, each speed limit sign now has "km/h" beneath the numerals.
Northern Ireland largely conforms to the signage used in the rest of the United Kingdom. In Northern Ireland, speed limit signs are in miles per hour. Distances are also displayed in miles on road signs in Northern Ireland.
Road signage in Great Britain is prescribed by the Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions (the TSRGD). However, road signage in Northern Ireland is prescribed by The Traffic Signs Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1997, regulations which are currently administered by the Department for Infrastructure (the DfI), formerly known as the Department for Regional Development (the DRD).