Republic of Gilan
| Persian Socialist Soviet Republic | ||||||||||
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جمهوری شوروی سوسیالیستی ایران Jomhuri-e Sosialisti-e Iran
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| Unrecognized state | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Rasht | |||||||||
| Languages | Gilaki · Persian | |||||||||
| Government | Socialist republic | |||||||||
| President | ||||||||||
| • | 1920–1921 | Mirza Koochak Khan | ||||||||
| Historical era | Interwar period | |||||||||
| • | Republic declared | May 1920 | ||||||||
| • | Russo-Persian Treaty | February 1921 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | September 1921 | ||||||||
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(Soviet) Republic of Gilan
The Gilan Republic
جمهوری گیلان
Jomhuri-e Gilan
The Persian Socialist Soviet Republic (widely known as the Soviet Republic of Gilan) was a short-lived Soviet republic in the Iranian province of Gilan that lasted from June 1920 until September 1921. It was established by Mirza Koochak Khan, a leader of the Constitutionalist movement of Gilan, and his Jangali (Foresters Movement) partisans, with the assistance of the Soviet Red Army.
The Jangal movement that had started in 1914 was further boosted and gained gravity after the victory of the Bolsheviks in Russia. In May 1920 the Soviet Caspian Fleet led by Fedor Raskolnikov and accompanied by Sergo Orzhonikidze entered the Caspian port of Anzali. This mission was declared to be only in pursuit of the Russian vessels and ammunition taken to Anzali by the White Russian counter-revolutionary General Denikin, who had been given asylum by British forces in Anzali. The British garrison in Anzali was soon evacuated without any resistance and the British forces retrieved to Manjil.
Faced with the conflict between his movement and the united British and central government forces, Kuchik Khan considered several choices. Mirza had considered seeking support from Bolsheviks when a year before he traveled on foot to Lankaran to meet with them but by the time he arrived in that city the Red forces had been forced to evacuate.
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Wikipedia