RENAMO insurgency (2013–present)

RENAMO insurgency
Date April 2013 – September 2014 March 2015 – present Location Mozambique Status Ongoing Peace agreement reached in September 2014 Renewed violence since mid-2015
Belligerents
Republic of Mozambique	RENAMO
Commanders and leaders
Armando Guebuza (2013–2015) Filipe Nyusi (2015–present)	Afonso Dhlakama
Casualties and losses
200+ total killed 15,000 displaced (2016)

Ongoing

The concurrent RENAMO insurgency is an ongoing guerrilla campaign by militants of the RENAMO party in Mozambique. The insurgency is widely considered to be an aftershock of the Mozambican Civil War; it resulted in renewed tensions between RENAMO and Mozambique's ruling FRELIMO coalition over charges of state corruption and the disputed results of 2014 general elections.

A ceasefire has been announced between the government and the rebels on September 2014. Renewed tensions, however, sparked violence in mid-2015.

The Resistência Nacional Moçambicana (RENAMO) was formed in 1976 following Mozambican independence from Portugal and incorporated a number of diverse recruits brought together by their opposition to the country's new Marxist FRELIMO government, including disgruntled former colonial troops and deserters from the post-independence army and security forces. They were welded into a cohesive fighting unit by the Rhodesian Central Intelligence Organisation and Special Air Service, and RENAMO's numbers had swelled to about 2,000 by late 1979. Militants acted as scouts for Rhodesian military units carrying out raids into Mozambique, launched attacks on major settlements, and sabotaged infrastructure from October 1979 onwards. RENAMO's political wing also operated a radio station, the Voice of Free Africa, which broadcast anti-communist propaganda from Rhodesia. The fighting escalated sharply between 1982 and 1984, during which RENAMO attacked and destroyed lines of communication, the road and rail network, and vital economic infrastructure. During this period it merged with the Partido Revolucionário de forças Moçambique (PRM), another anti-FRELIMO militant group, and received training and support from South Africa's apartheid government. What began as a decidedly low-intensity conflict escalated first into an effective insurgency, then a major civil war that killed up to a million Mozambicans and created a major refugee situation in southern Africa. By the late 1980s, RENAMO controlled an estimated 25% of Mozambique's area, especially around the Manica, Sofala, and Zambezia provinces.

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