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R. A. Butler

The Right Honourable
The Lord Butler of Saffron Walden
KG CH PC DL
Rab Butler.png
Father of the House
In office
16 October 1964 – 19 February 1965
Preceded by Winston Churchill
Succeeded by Robin Turton
Shadow Foreign Secretary
In office
16 October 1964 – 27 July 1965
Leader Alec Douglas-Home
Preceded by Patrick Gordon-Walker
Succeeded by Reginald Maudling
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office
20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964
Prime Minister Alec Douglas-Home
Preceded by Alec Douglas-Home
Succeeded by Patrick Gordon-Walker
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office
13 July 1962 – 18 October 1963
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan
Preceded by Anthony Eden
Succeeded by William Whitelaw
First Secretary of State
In office
13 July 1962 – 18 October 1963
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan
Preceded by Position established
Succeeded by George Brown
Chair of the Conservative Party
In office
14 October 1959 – 9 October 1961
Leader Harold Macmillan
Preceded by The Viscount Hailsham
Succeeded by Iain Macleod
Home Secretary
In office
14 January 1957 – 13 July 1962
Prime Minister Harold Macmillan
Preceded by Gwilym Lloyd-George
Succeeded by Henry Brooke
Leader of the House of Commons
In office
20 December 1955 – 9 October 1961
Prime Minister Anthony Eden
Harold Macmillan
Preceded by Harry Crookshank
Succeeded by Iain Macleod
Lord Privy Seal
In office
20 December 1955 – 14 October 1959
Prime Minister Anthony Eden
Harold Macmillan
Preceded by Harry Crookshank
Succeeded by The Viscount Hailsham
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
28 October 1951 – 20 December 1955
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Anthony Eden
Preceded by Hugh Gaitskell
Succeeded by Harold Macmillan
Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office
10 December 1950 – 28 October 1951
Leader Winston Churchill
Preceded by Oliver Stanley
Succeeded by Hugh Gaitskell
Minister of Labour and National Service
In office
25 May 1945 – 26 July 1945
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Preceded by Ernest Bevin
Succeeded by George Isaacs
Minister of Education
President of the Board of Education (1941–44)
In office
20 July 1941 – 25 May 1945
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Preceded by Herwald Ramsbotham
Succeeded by Richard Law
Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office
25 February 1938 – 20 July 1941
Served with The Earl of Plymouth (1938–40)
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
Winston Churchill
Preceded by The Viscount Cranborne
Succeeded by Richard Law
Member of Parliament
for Saffron Walden
In office
30 May 1929 – 19 February 1965
Preceded by William Mitchell
Succeeded by Peter Kirk
Personal details
Born Richard Austen Butler
(1902-12-09)9 December 1902
, British Raj
(now Attock, Pakistan)
Died 8 March 1982(1982-03-08) (aged 79)
Great Yeldham, England, UK
Political party Conservative
Alma mater Pembroke College, Cambridge
a. ^ Office vacant from 6 April 1955 to 13 July 1962. b. ^ Office vacant from 18 October 1963 to 4 May 1979. c. ^ Office vacant from 18 October 1963 to 16 October 1964.

Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden KG CH PC DL (9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), generally known as R. A. Butler and familiarly known from his initials as Rab, was a prominent British Conservative politician. The Times obituary called him "the creator of the modern educational system, the key-figure in the revival of post-war Conservatism, arguably the most successful chancellor since the war and unquestionably a Home Secretary of reforming zeal." He was one of his party's leaders in promoting the Post-war consensus through which the major parties largely agreed on the main points of domestic policy until the 1970s, sometimes known as "Butskellism" from an elision of his name with that of his Labour counterpart Hugh Gaitskell.

Born into a family of academics and Indian administrators, Butler enjoyed a brilliant academic career before entering Parliament in 1929. As a junior minister, he helped to pass the Government of India Act 1935. He strongly supported the appeasement of Nazi Germany in 1938–39. Entering the Cabinet in 1941, he served as Education Minister (1941–45, overseeing the Education Act 1944). When the Conservatives returned to power in 1951 he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1951–55), Home Secretary (1957–62), Deputy Prime Minister (1962–63) and Foreign Secretary (1963–64).


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