R.A. Butler

The Right Honourable The Lord Butler of Saffron Walden KG CH PC DL
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office 13 July 1962 – 18 October 1963
Prime Minister	Harold Macmillan
Preceded by	Anthony Eden (1955)
Succeeded by	William Whitelaw (1979)
First Secretary of State
In office 13 July 1962 – 18 October 1963
Prime Minister	Harold Macmillan
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	George Brown (1964)
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office 28 October 1951 – 20 December 1955
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill Anthony Eden
Preceded by	Hugh Gaitskell
Succeeded by	Harold Macmillan
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office 20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964
Prime Minister	Alec Douglas-Home
Preceded by	Alec Douglas-Home
Succeeded by	Patrick Gordon-Walker
Home Secretary
In office 14 January 1957 – 13 July 1962
Prime Minister	Harold Macmillan
Preceded by	Gwilym Lloyd-George
Succeeded by	Henry Brooke
Chair of the Conservative Party
In office 14 October 1959 – 9 October 1961
Leader	Harold Macmillan
Preceded by	The Viscount Hailsham
Succeeded by	Iain Macleod
Leader of the House of Commons
In office 20 December 1955 – 9 October 1961
Prime Minister	Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan
Preceded by	Harry Crookshank
Succeeded by	Iain Macleod
Father of the House
In office 16 October 1964 – 19 February 1965
Preceded by	Winston Churchill
Succeeded by	Robin Turton
Lord Privy Seal
In office 20 December 1955 – 14 October 1959
Prime Minister	Anthony Eden Harold Macmillan
Preceded by	Harry Crookshank
Succeeded by	The Viscount Hailsham
Minister of Labour and National Service
In office 25 May 1945 – 26 July 1945
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	Ernest Bevin
Succeeded by	George Isaacs
Minister of Education President of the Board of Education (1941–44)
In office 20 July 1941 – 25 May 1945
Prime Minister	Winston Churchill
Preceded by	Herwald Ramsbotham
Succeeded by	Richard Law
Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
In office 25 February 1938 – 20 July 1941 Served with The Earl of Plymouth (1938–40)
Prime Minister	Neville Chamberlain Winston Churchill
Sec. of State	The Viscount Halifax Anthony Eden
Preceded by	The Viscount Cranborne
Succeeded by	Richard Law
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal
In office 1965 – 1982 Life Peerage
Member of Parliament for Saffron Walden
In office 30 May 1929 – 19 February 1965
Preceded by	William Mitchell
Succeeded by	Peter Kirk
Shadow Cabinet positions Shadow Foreign Secretary In office 16 October 1964 – 27 July 1965 Leader Alec Douglas-Home Shadowing Patrick Gordon Walker Michael Stewart Preceded by Patrick Gordon-Walker Succeeded by Reginald Maudling Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer In office 10 December 1950 – 28 October 1951 Leader Winston Churchill Shadowing Hugh Gaitskell Preceded by Oliver Stanley Succeeded by Hugh Gaitskell
Personal details
Born	Richard Austen Butler (1902-12-09)9 December 1902 , British Raj (now Attock, Pakistan)
Died	8 March 1982(1982-03-08) (aged 79) Great Yeldham, England, UK
Political party	Conservative
Alma mater	Pembroke College, Cambridge

Hugh Gaitskell

Richard Austen Butler, Baron Butler of Saffron Walden, KG, CH, PC, DL (9 December 1902 – 8 March 1982), generally known as R. A. Butler and familiarly known from his initials as Rab, was a prominent British Conservative politician. The Times obituary called him "the creator of the modern educational system, the key-figure in the revival of post-war Conservatism, arguably the most successful chancellor since the war and unquestionably a Home Secretary of reforming zeal." He was one of his party's leaders in promoting the Post-war consensus through which the major parties largely agreed on the main points of domestic policy until the 1970s, sometimes known as "Butskellism" from an elision of his name with that of his Labour counterpart Hugh Gaitskell.

Born into a family of academics and Indian administrators, Butler enjoyed a brilliant academic career before entering Parliament in 1929. As a junior minister, he helped to pass the Government of India Act 1935. He strongly supported the appeasement of Nazi Germany in 1938–39. Entering the Cabinet in 1941, he served as Education Minister (1941–45, overseeing the Education Act 1944). When the Conservatives returned to power in 1951 he served as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1951–55), Home Secretary (1957–62), Deputy Prime Minister (1962–63) and Foreign Secretary (1963–64).

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