Qu'aiti

Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut القعيطي al-Qu‘aytī
State of the Protectorate of South Arabia
1858–1967 →
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Map of the Qu'aiti State
Capital		Mukalla
Government		Sultanate
HRH Sultan		Ghalib II bin Awadh Al-Qu'aiti
Historical era		19th and 20th centuries
•	Established	1858
•	Disestablished	17 September 1967
Area		190,000 km2(73,359 sq mi)

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Qu'aiti (Arabic: القعيطي‎‎ al-Qu‘ayṭī), officially the Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut (Arabic: الدولة القعيطية الحضرمية‎‎) or the Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla (Arabic: سلطنة الشحر والمكلاا‎‎ al-Salṭanah al-Qu‘ayṭīyah fī ash-Shiḥr wal-Mukallā), was a sultanate in the Hadhramaut region of the southern Arabian Peninsula, in what is now Yemen. Covering approximately 70,000 square miles, roughly the size of England and Wales, Qu'aiti was the third largest kingdom in Arabia after the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Sultanate of Oman. Its capital was Mukalla and it was divided into six provinces including Mukalla, Ash Shihr, Shibam, Du'an, the Western Province and Hajr.

The Sultanate spanned the Indian Ocean coast up to the border of Mahra, encompassed Shabwa the legendary capital of the Queen of Sheba, the central valleys and oasis settlements of Hadhramaut and controlled the southern Empty Quarter.

Sons of Umar bin Awadh al Qu'aiti, who became a jemadar in the forces of the Nizam of Hyderabad State (now in India), first took the town of Shibam from the rival Kathiris in 1858 to consolidate their rule over all of Hadhramaut. They later conquered Ash Shihr in 1866 and Mukalla in 1881, largely replacing the Kathiris to control most of the Hadhramaut coast on the Gulf of Aden. They entered into treaty relations with the British in 1888 and created a unified sultanate in 1902 that would become a part of the Aden Protectorate.

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