Propane gas
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| Names | |||
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Preferred IUPAC name
Propane
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Systematic IUPAC name
Tricarbane
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| 1730718 | |||
| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.753 | ||
| EC Number | 200-827-9 | ||
| E number | E944 (glazing agents, ...) | ||
| 25044 | |||
| KEGG | |||
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PubChem CID
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| RTECS number | TX2275000 | ||
| UNII | |||
| UN number | 1978 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| C3H8 | |||
| Molar mass | 44.10 g·mol−1 | ||
| Appearance | Colorless gas | ||
| Odor | Odorless | ||
| Density | 2.0098 kg/m3 (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa) | ||
| Melting point | −187.7 °C; −305.8 °F; 85.5 K | ||
| Boiling point | −42.25 to −42.04 °C; −44.05 to −43.67 °F; 230.90 to 231.11 K | ||
| 47
mg L−1 (at 0 °C) |
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| log P | 2.236 | ||
| Vapor pressure | 853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F)) | ||
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Henry's law
constant (kH) |
15 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 | ||
| -40.5·10−6 cm3/mol | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
| 73.60 J K−1 mol−1 | |||
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−105.2–−104.2 kJ mol−1 | ||
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
−2.2197–−2.2187 MJ mol−1 | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | See: data page | ||
| GHS pictograms |  |
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| GHS signal word | DANGER | ||
| H220 | |||
| P210 | |||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash point | −104 °C (−155 °F; 169 K) | ||
| 470 °C (878 °F; 743 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 2.37–9.5% | ||
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3) | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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TWA 1000 ppm (1800 mg/m3) | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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2100 ppm | ||
| Related compounds | |||
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Related alkanes
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Related compounds
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Diiodohydroxypropane | ||
| Supplementary data page | |||
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Refractive index (n), Dielectric constant (εr), etc. |
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Thermodynamic
data |
Phase behaviour solid–liquid–gas |
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| UV, IR, NMR, MS | |||
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
mg L−1 (at 0 °C)
Propane (/ˈproʊpeɪn/) is a three-carbon alkane with the molecular formula C3H8, a gas, at standard temperature and pressure, but compressible to a transportable liquid. A by-product of natural gas processing and petroleum refining, it is commonly used as a fuel for barbecue grills. Propane is one of a group of liquefied petroleum gases (LP gases). The others include butane, propylene, butadiene, butylene, isobutylene, and mixtures thereof.
Propane was discovered by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot in 1857. Propane was first identified as a volatile component in gasoline by Walter O. Snelling of the U.S. Bureau of Mines in 1910. Although the compound was known long before this, Snelling's work was the beginning of the propane industry in the United States. The volatility of these lighter hydrocarbons caused them to be known as "wild" because of the high vapor pressures of unrefined gasoline. On March 31, the New York Times reported on Snelling's work with liquefied gas and that "a steel bottle will carry enough gas to light an ordinary home for three weeks."
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Wikipedia