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Ethyl iodide

Ethyl iodide
Skeletal formula of ethyl iodide
Ball and stick model of ethyl iodide
Spacefill model of ethyl iodide
Names
IUPAC name
Iodoethane
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
505934
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.758
EC Number 200-833-1
PubChem CID
RTECS number KI4750000
Properties
C2H5I
Molar mass 155.97 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Density 1.940 g mL−1
Melting point −111.10 °C; −167.98 °F; 162.05 K
Boiling point 71.5 to 73.3 °C; 160.6 to 163.8 °F; 344.6 to 346.4 K
4 g L−1 (at 20 °C)
Solubility in ethanol Miscible
Solubility in diethyl ether Miscible
log P 2.119
Vapor pressure 17.7 kPa
1.8 μmol Pa−1 kg−1
-69.7·10−6 cm3/mol
1.513–1.514
Viscosity 5.925 mPa s (at 20 °C)
Thermochemistry
109.7 J K−1 mol−1
−39.9–−38.3 kJ mol−1
−1.4629–−1.4621 MJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS pictograms The exclamation-mark pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) The health hazard pictogram in the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS)
GHS signal word DANGER
H302, H315, H317, H319, H334, H335
P261, P280, P305+351+338, P342+311
Harmful Xn
R-phrases R20, R36/37/38, R42/43
S-phrases S23, S26, S36/37, S45
NFPA 704
Flammability code 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g., canola oil Health code 2: Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury. E.g., chloroform Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point 72 °C (162 °F; 345 K)
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)
 330 g m−3(oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related iodoalkanes
Related compounds
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Ethyl iodide (also iodoethane) is a colorless, flammable chemical compound. It has the chemical formula C2H5I and is prepared by heating ethanol with iodine and phosphorus. On contact with air, especially on the effect of light, it decomposes and turns yellow or reddish from dissolved iodine. It may also be prepared by reaction between hydroiodic acid and ethanol distilling off the ethyl iodide. Ethyl iodide should be stored in copper powder to avoid fast decomposition, though even with this method samples don't last more than 1 year.

Because iodide is a good leaving group, ethyl iodide is an excellent ethylating agent. It is also used as the hydrogen radical promoter.

Ethyl iodide is prepared by using red phosphorus, absolute ethanol and iodine ; the phosphorus and iodine dissolve in the ethanol, where they form phosphorus triiodide, which must be formed in situ because it is unstable. During the process the temperature is controlled.

The crude product is purified by distillation.



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