Prince of Calenberg
| Principality of Calenberg | ||||||||||
| Fürstentum Calenberg | ||||||||||
| State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||||
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Caspar Merian: Schloss und Ampt Calenberg, 1654
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| Capital | Hanover (from 1636) | |||||||||
| Languages | Eastphalian | |||||||||
| Government | Principality | |||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern time |
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William the Victorious Prince of Calenberg |
1432 | ||||||||
| • | Split off Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | 1494 | ||||||||
| • | Incorporated Göttingen | 1495 | ||||||||
| • | Joined Lower Saxon Circle |
1500 | ||||||||
| • | Line extinct, fell back to Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
1584 | ||||||||
| • | To Lüneburg-Celle | 1635 | ||||||||
| • | Merged with Lüneburg-Celle to Hanover |
1705 | ||||||||
| • | Kingdom of Hanover | 1814 | ||||||||
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Coat of arms
The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire from 1494 until 1705, when Elector George I Louis, Prince of Calenberg, inherited the Principality of Lüneburg to form the state of Hanover.
When Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of the inheritance in 1495, he described it as "the land between the River Leine and the Deister". This geographical description, however, was never totally correct. In fact, the Principality extended west of the Leine from Schulenburg as far as Neustadt am Rübenberge in the north and thus much further north than the foothills of the Deister. To the south-west the territory stretched as far as Hamelin on the Weser, well beyond the Deister.
The city of Hanover was largely independent of Welf territorial lordship, even though it was not formally a free imperial city. Not until George of Calenberg, who had been a successful general in the Thirty Years War, chose the city as his Residenz in 1636 could Hanover also be viewed as part of the Principality of Calenberg.
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