Principality of Göttingen
| Principality of Göttingen | ||||||||||
| Fürstentum Göttingen | ||||||||||
| State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||||
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| Capital | Göttingen | |||||||||
| Government | Principality | |||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||
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Albert II the Fat Duke of Brunswick Prince of Göttingen |
1286 | ||||||||
| • | acquired Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel |
1292 | ||||||||
| • | separated from Wolfenbüttel |
1344 | ||||||||
| • | Line extinct, annexed by Calenberg |
1463 | ||||||||
| • | Merged to Calenberg | 1495 | ||||||||
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Coat of arms
The Principality of Göttingen was a subdivision of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire with Göttingen as its capital. It was split off from the principality of Brunswick in 1286 in the course of an estate division among members of the House of Welf. In 1495 it was incorporated into the Principality of Calenberg, with which it stayed united until the end of the Duchy.
After the death of the first Brunswick duke Otto the Child in 1257 AD, his sons Albert I of Brunswick (the Tall) and Johann inherited their father's territories. Duke Albrecht I first governed for his brother, a minor. Subsequently the brothers agreed to divide the territory between them in 1267, effective 1269. The southern territories around the cities of Wolfenbüttel and Göttingen went to Albert I, and were inherited by his sons Henry the Admirable, Albert II the Fat and William in 1279. In 1286 the brothers again divided their heritage, Albert II chose Göttingen as his residence and moved into the Welf residency, which he rebuilt into a fortress. After his brother William had died in 1292, he was also able to acquire the subdivision around Wolfenbüttel against his elder brother Henry, who only retained Grubenhagen.
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