Principality of Calenberg
| Principality of Calenberg | ||||||||||
| Fürstentum Calenberg | ||||||||||
| State of the Holy Roman Empire | ||||||||||
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Schloss und Ampt Calenberg, engraving by Caspar Merian (1654)
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| Capital |
Calenberg Hanover (from 1636) |
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| Languages |
German Low Saxon |
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| Government | Principality | |||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern time |
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| • | William the Victorious first Prince of Calenberg | 1432 | ||||||||
| • | Incorporated Principality of Göttingen | 1495 | ||||||||
| • | Joined Lower Saxon Circle | 1500 | ||||||||
| • | Line extinct, fell back to Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel | 1584 | ||||||||
| • | Fell to House of Hanover | 1635 | ||||||||
| • | Raised to Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg | 1692 | ||||||||
| • | Acquired Lüneburg | 1705 | ||||||||
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Coat of arms
The Principality of Calenberg was a dynastic division of the Welf duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg established in 1432. Calenberg was ruled by the House of Hanover from 1635 onwards; the princes received the ninth electoral dignity of the Holy Roman Empire in 1692. Their territory became the nucleus of the Electorate of Hanover, ruled in personal union with the Kingdom of Great Britain from 1714 onwards. The principality received its name from Calenberg Castle, a residence of the Brunswick dukes.
When Duke Eric I of Brunswick-Lüneburg chose the Principality of Calenberg as his part of the inheritance in 1495, he described it as "the land between the River Leine and the Deister". This geographical description, however, was never totally correct. In fact, the Principality extended west of the Leine from Schulenburg as far as Neustadt am Rübenberge in the north and thus much further north than the foothills of the Deister. To the south-west the territory stretched as far as Hamelin on the Weser, well beyond the Deister.
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