Porfirio Diaz
| Porfirio Díaz | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 29th President of Mexico |
|
|
In office 1 December 1884 – 25 May 1911 |
|
| Vice President |
Ramón Corral (1904–1911) |
| Preceded by | Manuel González |
| Succeeded by | Francisco León de la Barra |
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In office 17 February 1877 – 1 December 1880 |
|
| Preceded by | Juan N. Méndez |
| Succeeded by | Manuel González |
|
In office 28 November 1876 – 6 December 1876 |
|
| Preceded by | José María Iglesias |
| Succeeded by | Juan N. Méndez |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori 15 September 1830 Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico |
| Died | 2 July 1915 (aged 84) Paris, France |
| Resting place | Cimetière du Montparnasse, Paris |
| Nationality | Mexican |
| Political party | National Porfirist Party National Reelectionist Party (previously Liberal Party) |
| Spouse(s) |
Delfina Ortega Díaz (m. 1867–80); her death Carmen Romero Rubio (m. 1881–1915); his death |
| Children | Deodato Lucas Porfirio (1875–46) Luz Aurora Victoria (1875–65) |
| Profession | Military officer, politician. |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori (Spanish pronunciation: [porˈfiɾjo ði.as]; 15 September 1830 – 2 July 1915) was a Mexican general and politician who served seven terms as President of Mexico, a total of three and a half decades from 1876 to 1911. A veteran of the Reform War and the French intervention in Mexico, Díaz rose to the rank of General, leading republican troops against the French-imposed rule of Emperor Maximilian. Seizing power in a coup in 1876, Díaz and his allies ruled Mexico for the next thirty-five years, a period known as the Porfiriato.
Díaz has always been a controversial figure in Mexican history; while the Porfirian regime brought stability after decades of conflict, it grew unpopular due to civil repression and political stagnation. His economic policies largely benefitted his circle of allies as well as foreign investors, and helped a few wealthy estate owning acquire huge areas of land, leaving rural unable to make a living. Despite public statements favoring a return to democracy, Díaz declared himself the winner of an eighth term in office in 1910; his opponent, Francisco I. Madero, issued a call for armed rebellion against the regime, triggering the Mexican Revolution. After suffering a number of military defeats against Madero's forces, Díaz was forced to resign in May 1911 and went into exile in France, where he died four years later.
Porfirio Díaz was the sixth of seven children, baptized on 15 September 1830, in Oaxaca, Mexico, but his actual date of birth is unknown. September 15 is an important date in Mexican history, the eve of the day when hero of independence Miguel Hidalgo issued his call for independence in 1810; when Díaz became president, the independence anniversary was commemorated on September 15 rather than the 16th, a practice that continues to the present era. Díaz was a castizo His mother, Petrona Mori (or Mory) was the daughter of a man whose father had immigrated from Spain and Tecla Cortés, an indigenous woman; Díaz's father was a Criollo. There is confusion about his father's name, which is listed on the baptismal certificate as José de la Cruz Díaz, but is also known as José Faustino Díaz, who was a modest innkeeper and died of cholera when his son was three.
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