José María Iglesias
| José María Iglesias | |
|---|---|
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 28th President of Mexico |
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In office 31 October 1876 – 28 November 1876 |
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| Preceded by | Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada |
| Succeeded by | Porfirio Díaz |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
5 January 1823 Mexico City |
| Died | 17 November 1891 (aged 68) Mexico City |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse(s) | Juana Calderón Tapia |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Profession | Lawyer |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
José María Iglesias Inzaurraga (5 January 1823 — 17 November 1891) was a Mexican lawyer, professor, journalist and liberal politician. From 31 October 1876 to 23 January 1877, he claimed the interim presidency of Mexico. However, he was never undisputed president.
José María Iglesias was born into a wealthy family in Mexico City, but when he was 12 his father died. Five years later, his mother also died. His maternal uncle Manuel Inzaurraga took responsibility for his education. He studied for the law, graduating with good marks, and was admitted to the bar in 1844.
He became a professor of jurisprudence at the College of San Gregorio. He also collaborated on a newspaper opposed to the regime of Antonio López de Santa Anna. He became a city councilman in Mexico City in 1846, and after the U.S. invasion of that year, he was named to the Supreme Military Tribunal. At the end of the war, he took an important position in the Treasury Department in the government of Mariano Arista.
In 1852, Iglesias was elected to Congress, where he became known for his eloquence and his knowledge of constitutional law. In 1856, he was named chief clerk of the Treasury Department under President Ignacio Comonfort and later secretary of justice (January to May 1857). In the latter position, he was responsible for drafting the law that barred the Church from holding landed property. From May until September 1857, he was secretary of the treasury. On 16 September 1857, he was elected, by popular vote, judge of the supreme court. Throughout the War of the Reform (1857–61), he was a strong defender of the Liberal cause in the press.
With the fall of Puebla to the French on 17 May 1863, President Benito Juárez was forced to abandon Mexico City. Iglesias, a Liberal and a constitutionalist, accompanied him. In September, Juárez named him secretary of justice, a position he continued to hold until the Republican government returned to the capital in 1867 after the expulsion of Emperor Maximilian. During this period, he accompanied Juárez and the rest of the Republican government as they moved from place to place to avoid capture by the Imperialists. Part of this time, he was also secretary of the treasury.
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