Phosphorus pentasulfide

Phosphorus decasulfide

Names
Other names phosphorus sulfide sulfur phosphide phosphorus persulfide diphosphorus pentasulfide tetraphosphorus decasulfide phosphorus decasulfide
Identifiers
CAS Number	1314-80-3 Y
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	14133
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.858
EC Number	215-242-4
PubChem	14817
RTECS number	TH4375000
InChI InChI=1S/P4S10/c5-1-9-2(6)12-3(7,10-1)14-4(8,11-1)13-2 Key: CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N InChI=1/P4S10/c5-1-9-2(6)12-3(7,10-1)14-4(8,11-1)13-2 Key: CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYAD
SMILES P12(=S)SP3(=S)SP(=S)(S1)SP(=S)(S2)S3
Properties
Chemical formula	P2S5 or dimer P4S10
Molar mass	444.555 g mol
Appearance	greenish-gray to yellow solid
Odor	rotten eggs
Density	2.09 g/cm3
Melting point	288 °C (550 °F; 561 K)
Boiling point	514 °C (957 °F; 787 K)
Solubility in water	hydrolyses
Solubility in other solvents	0.222 g / 100g CS2 (at 17 °C) Insoluble in C6H6 Insoluble in hot xylene Insoluble in hot anisole.
Vapor pressure	1 mmHg (300°C)
Structure
Crystal structure	triclinic, aP28
Space group	P-1, No. 2
Point group	Td
Hazards
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	389 mg/kg (oral, rat)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 1 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	TWA 1 mg/m3 ST 3 mg/m3
IDLH (Immediate danger)	250 mg/m3
Related compounds
Related compounds	P4S3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Y  (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Phosphorus pentasulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula P₂S₅ or dimer P₄S₁₀. This yellow solid is the one of two phosphorus sulfides of commercial value. Samples often appear greenish-gray due to impurities. It is soluble in carbon disulfide but reacts with many other solvents such as alcohols, DMSO, and DMF.

Its tetrahedral molecular structure is similar to that of adamantane and almost identical to the structure of phosphorus pentoxide.

Phosphorus pentasulfide is obtained by the reaction of liquid white phosphorus (P₄) with sulfur above 300 °C. The first synthesis of P₄S₁₀ by Berzelius in 1843 was by this method. Alternatively, P₄S₁₀ can be formed by reacting elemental sulfur or pyrite, FeS₂, with ferrophosphorus, a crude form of Fe₂P (a byproduct of P₄ production from phosphate rock):

Approximately 150,000 tons of P₄S₁₀ are produced annually. The compound is mainly converted to other derivatives for use as lubrication additives such zinc dithiophosphates. It is also used in the production of pesticides such as Parathion and Malathion. It is also a component of some amorphous solid electrolytes (e.g. Li₂S-P₂S₅) for some types of lithium batteries.

Phosphorus pentasulfide is a dual-use material, for the production of early insecticides such as Amiton and also for the manufacture of the related VX nerve agents.