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Pennsylvania (U.S. state)

Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Flag of Pennsylvania State seal of Pennsylvania
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Keystone State; Quaker State
Motto(s): Virtue, Liberty and Independence
State song(s): "Pennsylvania"
Map of the United States with Pennsylvania highlighted
Official language None
Spoken languages English 90.1%
Spanish 4.09%
German (Including Pennsylvania German) 0.87%
Chinese 0.47%
Italian 0.43%
Demonym Pennsylvanian
Capital Harrisburg
Largest city Philadelphia
Largest metro Delaware Valley
Area Ranked 33rd
 • Total 46,055 sq mi
(119,283 km2)
 • Width 280 miles (455 km)
 • Length 160 miles (255 km)
 • % water 2.7
 • Latitude 39° 43′ to 42° 16′ N
 • Longitude 74° 41′ to 80° 31′ W
Population Ranked 6th
 • Total 12,784,227 (2016 est.)
 • Density 284/sq mi  (110/km2)
Ranked 9th
 • Median household income $60,389 (20th)
Elevation
 • Highest point Mount Davis
3,213 ft (979 m)
 • Mean 1,100 ft  (340 m)
 • Lowest point Delaware River at Delaware border
sea level
Before statehood Province of Pennsylvania
Admission to Union December 12, 1787 (2nd)
Governor Tom Wolf (D)
Lieutenant Governor Mike Stack (D)
Legislature General Assembly
 • Upper house State Senate
 • Lower house House of Representatives
U.S. Senators Bob Casey, Jr. (D)
Pat Toomey (R)
U.S. House delegation 13 Republicans, 5 Democrats (list)
Time zone Eastern: UTC −5/−4
ISO 3166 US-PA
Abbreviations PA, Pa., Penn., Penna.
Website www.pa.gov
Pennsylvania state symbols
Flag of Pennsylvania.svg
Seal of Pennsylvania.svg
Living insignia
Bird Ruffed grouse
Dog breed Great Dane
Fish Brook trout
Flower Mountain laurel
Insect Firefly
Mammal White-tailed deer
Tree Eastern hemlock
Inanimate insignia
Beverage Milk
Dance Polka
Food Chocolate Chip Cookie
Fossil Trilobite
Soil Hazleton
Song "Pennsylvania"
State route marker
Pennsylvania state route marker
State quarter
Pennsylvania quarter dollar coin
Released in 1999
Lists of United States state symbols

Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsɪlˈvnjə/ (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle. The Commonwealth borders Delaware to the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the Canadian province of Ontario to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east.

Pennsylvania is the 33rd-largest, the 6th-most populous, and the 9th-most densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's five most populous cities are Philadelphia (1,560,297), Pittsburgh (305,801), Allentown (118,577), Erie (100,671), and Reading (89,893). The state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles (225 km) of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary.


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