Paul Ricoeur
| Paul Ricœur | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Born | 27 February 1913 Valence, Drôme, France |
| Died | 20 May 2005 (aged 92) Chatenay Malabry, France |
| Alma mater |
University of Rennes (BA) University of Paris (MA) |
| Spouse(s) | Simone Lejas (m. 1935–1998; her death) |
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Western Philosophy |
| School |
Continental philosophy Hermeneutic phenomenology Psychoanalysis Christian theology |
| Institutions |
University of Paris University of Chicago |
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Main interests
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Phenomenology Hermeneutics Philosophy of action Moral philosophy Political philosophy Philosophy of language Personal identity Narrative identity Historiography Literary criticism Ancient philosophy |
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Notable ideas
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Psychoanalysis as a hermeneutics of the Subject, theory of metaphor, metaphors as having "split references" (one side referring to something not antecedently accessible to language),criticism of structuralism, productive imagination, social imaginary, the "school of suspicion" in philosophy |
Jean Paul Gustave Ricœur (French: [ʁikœʁ]; 27 February 1913 – 20 May 2005) was a French philosopher best known for combining phenomenological description with hermeneutics. As such, his thought is within the same tradition as other major hermeneutic phenomenologists, Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer. In 2000, he was awarded the Kyoto Prize in Arts and Philosophy for having "revolutionized the methods of hermeneutic phenomenology, expanding the study of textual interpretation to include the broad yet concrete domains of mythology, biblical exegesis, psychoanalysis, theory of metaphor, and narrative theory."
Paul Ricœur was born in 1913 in Valence, Drôme, France to Jules and Florentine Favre Ricœur, a devout Protestant family, making him a member of a religious minority in Catholic France.
Ricœur's father died in a 1915 World War I battle when Ricœur was only two years old. He was raised by his paternal grandparents and an aunt in Rennes, France, with a small stipend afforded to him as a war orphan. Ricœur, whose penchant for study was fueled by his family's Protestant emphasis on Bible study, was bookish and intellectually precocious. While he attended the Lycée de Rennes (now Lycée Émile-Zola de Rennes) and studied under Roland Dalbiez, he discovered philosophy.
Ricœur received his bachelor's degree in 1932 from the University of Rennes and began studying philosophy, and especially phenomenology, at the Sorbonne in 1933–34, where he was influenced by Gabriel Marcel. In 1934 he completed a DES thesis (diplôme d'études supérieures, roughly equivalent to an MA thesis) on the question of God in Jules Lachelier and Jules Lagneau, Problème de Dieu chez Lachelier et Lagneau (The Problem of God in Lachelier et Lagneau). In 1935, he was awarded the second-highest agrégation mark in the nation for philosophy, presaging a bright future. In the same year he married Simone Lejas with whom he had five children. In 1936–37, he fulfilled his military service.
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