Pahari–Pothwari | |
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Potwari, Pothohari | |
Native to | Pakistan, India |
Region | Pothohar region, Azad Kashmir and parts of Jammu and Kashmir |
Native speakers
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3.8 million |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 |
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Glottolog |
paha1251 Pahari Potwari
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Punjabi–Lahnda dialects. Pothohari is center-north, in light green.
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Pothwari (پوٹھواری), Pothohari (پوٹھوہاری), or Pahari-Potowari is an Indo-Aryan language of Pakistan that is transitional between Hindko and Standard Punjabi. It is spoken by inhabitants of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab and in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Poonch of Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Speakers of Pothwari have a local linguistic, but not ethnic, identity that is separate from that of Punjabi and there has been a nascent, if not yet coherent, language movement. There have been efforts at cultivation as a literary language, although a local standard has not been established yet.
It has been historically classified as a Punjabi dialect. Grierson in his early 20th-century Linguistic Survey of India assigned it to a so-called "Northern cluster" of Lahnda, but this classification, as well as the validity of the Lahnda grouping in this case, have been called into question.
Pothwari: Comparison with Punjabi