Orvieto
| Orvieto | ||
|---|---|---|
| Comune | ||
| Città di Orvieto | ||
Piazza della Repubblica.
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 Orvieto
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| Coordinates: 42°43′06″N 12°06′37″E / 42.71833°N 12.11028°ECoordinates: 42°43′06″N 12°06′37″E / 42.71833°N 12.11028°E | ||
| Country | Italy | |
| Region | Umbria | |
| Province / Metropolitan city | Terni (TR) | |
| Frazioni | Bagni di Orvieto, Bardano, Baschi Scalo, Benano, Biagio, Botto di Orvieto, Canale di Orvieto, Canonica, Capretta, Ciconia, Colonnetta di Prodo, Corbara, Fossatello, Morrano, Orvieto Scalo, Osteria Nuova, Padella, Prodo, Rocca Ripesena, San Faustino, Sferracavallo, Stazione di Castiglione, Sugano, Titignano, Tordimonte, Torre San Severo | |
| Government | ||
| • Mayor | Giuseppe Germani (DP) | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 281 km2 (108 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 325 m (1,066 ft) | |
| Population (May 31, 2008) | ||
| • Total | 21,043 | |
| • Density | 75/km2 (190/sq mi) | |
| Demonym(s) | Orvietani | |
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | |
| • Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | |
| Postal code | 05018 | |
| Dialing code | 0763 | |
| Patron saint | St. Joseph | |
| Saint day | March 19 | |
| Website | Official website | |
Orvieto [orˈvjɛːto] is a city and comune in the Province of Terni, southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff. The site of the city is among the most dramatic in Europe, rising above the almost-vertical faces of tuff cliffs that are completed by defensive walls built of the same stone called Tufa.
The ancient city (urbs vetus in Latin, whence "Orvieto"), populated since Etruscan times, has usually been associated with Etruscan Velzna, but some modern scholars differ. Orvieto was certainly a major centre of Etruscan civilization; the archaeological museum (Museo Claudio Faina e Museo Civico) houses some of the Etruscan artifacts that have been recovered in the immediate neighbourhood. An interesting survival that might show the complexity of ethnic relations in ancient Italy and how such relations could be peaceful, is the inscription on a tomb in the Orvieto Cannicella necropolis: mi aviles katacinas, "I am of Avile Katacina", with an Etruscan-Latin first name () and a family name that is believed to be of Celtic ("Catacos") origin.
Orvieto was annexed by Rome in the third century BC. Because of its site on a high, steep bluff of tufa, a volcanic rock, the city was virtually impregnable. It was last conquered by Julius Caesar. After the collapse of the Roman Empire its defensible site gained new importance: the episcopal seat was transferred from Bolsena, and the city was held by Goths and by Lombards before its self-governing commune was established in the tenth century, in which consuls governed under a feudal oath of fealty to the bishop. Orvieto's relationship to the papacy has been a close one; in the tenth century Pope Benedict VII visited the city of Orvieto with his nephew, Filippo Alberici, who later settled there and became Consul of the city-state in 1016. By the thirteenth century, three papal palaces had been built.
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Wikipedia