Omaha Indian Reservation
The Omaha Reservation of the federally recognized Omaha tribe is located mostly in Thurston County, Nebraska, with sections in neighboring Cuming and Burt counties, in addition to Monona County in Iowa. As of the 2000 federal census, the reservation population was 5,194. The tribal seat of government is in Macy. The villages of Rosalie, Pender and Walthill are located within reservation boundaries, as is the northernmost part of Bancroft. Due to land sales in the area since the reservation was established, Pender has disputed tribal jurisdiction over it.
The 12,421-acre (50.27 km2) reservation was established by a treaty dated March 16, 1854. The tribe chose the lands with the President's approval on May 11, 1855. A treaty on March 6, 1865, followed by two acts of Congress on June 10, 1872 and June 22, 1874, ratified the agreement.
On July 31, 1874, the tribe deeded part of its reservation to the Winnebago (also known as Ho-Chunk) to form the Winnebago Reservation just north of the Omaha Reservation. This action was ratified on August 7, 1882 and by an act on Congress dated March 3, 1893. 129,470 acres (523.9 km2) were allotted to 1,577 Indians with the remaining land, 12,421 acres (50.27 km2), unallotted.
Boundary claims and areas of jurisdiction have continued to be issues for the Omaha Indian Reservation. In the late nineteenth century, Congress authorized sales of land to non-Omaha in the western portion of the reservation, where European-American farmers had settled. Due to the sales and federal legislation subsequent to the treaty establishing the reservation, a Nebraska state court in 2000 ruled that the western boundary of the reservation ended at railroad tracks east of Pender, Nebraska.
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