Olonets Karelia
| Olonets (in English) Олонец (Russian) Anuksenlinnu (Karelian) |
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 A street in Olonets |
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.svg) Location of the Republic of Karelia in Russia |
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 Olonets
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| Administrative status (as of April 2013) | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Republic of Karelia |
| Administrative district | Olonetsky District |
| Administrative center of | Olonetsky District |
| Municipal status (as of April 2013) | |
| Municipal district | Olonetsky Municipal District |
| Urban settlement | Olonetskoye Urban Settlement |
| Administrative center of | Olonetsky Municipal District, Olonetskoye Urban Settlement |
| Statistics | |
| Population (2010 Census) | 9,056 inhabitants |
| Time zone | MSK (UTC+03:00) |
| First mentioned | 1137 |
| Town status since | 1649 |
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Olonets (Russian: Оло́нец; Karelian: Aunus, Anuksenlinnu; Finnish: Aunus, Aunuksenlinna or Aunuksenkaupunki) is a town and the administrative center of Olonetsky District of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located on the Olonka River to the east from Lake Ladoga. Population: 9,056 (2010 Census);10,240 (2002 Census);11,888 (1989 Census).
Olonets is the oldest documented settlement in Karelia, mentioned by Novgorodian sources as early as 1137. Its history is obscure until 1649, when a fortress was built there to protect the Grand Duchy of Moscow against the Swedes. The same year it was granted town privileges. Until the Great Northern War, Olonets developed as a principal market for Russian trade with Sweden. To the south from the town, there sprawled a belt of fortified abbeys, of which the Alexander-Svirsky Monastery was the most important.
In the 18th century, Olonets' importance shifted from trade to ironworking industries. In 1773, it was made the seat of Olonets Governorate. Eleven years later, however, the seat was moved to Petrozavodsk and Olonets started to decline.
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