North England
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Northern England North of England, The North, North Country |
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|---|---|
| Region | |
 The three Northern England government regions shown within England, without regional boundaries. Other cultural definitions of the North vary. |
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| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Country | England |
| Largest settlements | |
| Area | |
| • Region | 14,414 sq mi (37,331 km2) |
| Population (2011 census) | |
| • Region | 14,933,000 |
| • Density | 1,000/sq mi (400/km2) |
| • Urban | 12,782,940 |
| • Rural | 2,150,060 |
| Demonym(s) | Northerner |
| Time zone | GMT (UTC) |
| • Summer (DST) | BST (UTC+1) |
Northern England or the North of England, also known as the North Country or simply the North, is the northern part of England, when considered as a single cultural area. The area roughly spans from the River Trent to the Scottish border in the north, although precise definitions of its southern extent vary. Northern England approximately comprises three statistical regions: the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. These have a combined population of around 14.9 million as of the 2011 Census and an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi). Northern England contains much of England's national parkland but also has large areas of urbanisation, including the conurbations of Greater Manchester, Merseyside, Teesside, Tyneside, and South and West Yorkshire.
The region has been controlled by many groups from the Brigantes, the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain, to the Romans, to Anglo-Saxons, Celts and Danes. After the Norman conquest in 1066, the Harrying of the North brought destruction. The area experienced Anglo–Scottish border fighting until the unification of Britain under the Stuarts, with some parts changing hands between England and Scotland many times. Many of the innovations of the Industrial Revolution began in Northern England, and its cities were the crucibles of many of the political changes that accompanied this social upheaval, from trade unionism to Manchester Capitalism. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the economy of the North was dominated by heavy industry such as weaving, shipbuilding, steelmaking and mining. The deindustrialisation that followed in the second half of the 20th century hit Northern England hard, and many towns remain deprived compared to Southern England.
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