History of the formation of the United Kingdom
| Treaty of Windsor | 1175 |
|---|---|
| Treaty of York | 1237 |
| Treaty of Perth | 1266 |
| Treaty of Montgomery | 1267 |
| Treaty of Aberconwy | 1277 |
| Statute of Rhuddlan | 1284 |
| Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton | 1328 |
| Treaty of Berwick | 1357 |
| Poynings' Law | 1495 |
| Laws in Wales Acts | 1535–42 |
| Crown of Ireland Act | 1542 |
| Treaty of Edinburgh | 1560 |
| Union of the Crowns | 1603 |
| Union of England and Scotland Act | 1603 |
| Act of Settlement | 1701 |
| Act of Security | 1704 |
| Alien Act | 1705 |
| Treaty of Union | 1706 |
| Acts of Union | 1707 |
| Personal Union of 1714 | 1714 |
| Wales and Berwick Act | 1746 |
| Irish Constitution | 1782 |
| Acts of Union | 1800 |
| Government of Ireland Act | 1920 |
| Anglo-Irish Treaty | 1921 |
| Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act | 1927 |
| N. Ireland (Temporary Provisions) Act | 1972 |
| Northern Ireland Assembly | 1973 |
| N. Ireland Constitution Act | 1973 |
| Northern Ireland Act | 1998 |
| Government of Wales Act | 1998 |
| Scotland Act | 1998 |
| Government of Wales Act | 2006 |
| Scotland Act | 2012 |
| Edinburgh Agreement | 2012 |
| Wales Act | 2014 |
| Scotland Act | 2016 |
| Wales Act | 2017 |
The formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland has involved personal and political union across Great Britain and the wider British Isles. The United Kingdom is the most recent of a number of sovereign states that have been established in Great Britain at different periods in history, in different combinations and under a variety of polities. Norman Davies has counted sixteen different states over the past 2,000 years.
By the start of the 16th century, the number of states in Great Britain had been reduced to two: the Kingdom of England (which included Wales and controlled Ireland) and the Kingdom of Scotland. The once independent Principality of Wales fell under the control of English monarchs from the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. The Union of Crowns in 1603, the accidental consequence of a royal marriage one hundred years earlier, united the kingdoms in a personal union, though full political union in the form of the Kingdom of Great Britain required a Treaty of Union in 1706 and Acts of Union in 1707 (to ratify the Treaty).
The Act of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain with the Kingdom of Ireland, which had been gradually brought under English control between 1541 and 1691, to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. Independence for the Irish Free State in 1922 followed the partition of the island of Ireland two years previously, with six of the nine counties of the province of Ulster remaining within the UK, which then changed to the current name in 1927 of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
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