Kingdom of Ireland
| Kingdom of Ireland | ||||||||||||
| Ríoghacht Éireann | ||||||||||||
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Client state of England (1542–1707) Client state of Great Britain (1707–1800) |
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 Location of the Kingdom of Ireland in 1789
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| Capital |
Dublin 53°21′N 6°16′W / 53.350°N 6.267°W |
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| Languages | Irish, English | |||||||||||
| Religion |
Anglican (state-official) Catholic (majority) Presbyterian Judaism |
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| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||
| King | ||||||||||||
| • | 1542–1547 | Henry VIII (first) | ||||||||||
| • | 1760–1800 | George III (last) | ||||||||||
| Lord Lieutenant | ||||||||||||
| • | 1542–1548 | Anthony St Leger (first) | ||||||||||
| • | 1798–1800 | Charles Cornwallis (last) | ||||||||||
| Chief Secretary | ||||||||||||
| • | 1660 | Matthew Locke (first) | ||||||||||
| • | 1798–1800 | Robert Stewart (last) | ||||||||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||||||||
| • | Upper house | House of Lords | ||||||||||
| • | Lower house | House of Commons | ||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||
| • | Crown of Ireland Act | 1542 | ||||||||||
| • | Confederate Wars | 1642–1652 | ||||||||||
| • | Commonwealth | 1652–1660 | ||||||||||
| • | Act of Union | 1 January 1801 | ||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||
| • | 1700–1800 | 84,421 km² (32,595 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||
| • | 1700 est. | 3,000,000 | ||||||||||
| Density | 35.5 /km² (92 /sq mi) | |||||||||||
| • | 1800 est. | 5,500,000 | ||||||||||
| Density | 65.1 /km² (168.7 /sq mi) | |||||||||||
| Currency | Irish pound | |||||||||||
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| Today part of | ||||||||||||
| 1 See coat of arms regarding use of a crowned harp as the arms of Ireland. Although numerous flags of Ireland existed during the period, the Kingdom of Ireland had no official flag. See List of flags of Ireland. | ||||||||||||
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The Kingdom of Ireland (Classical Irish: Ríoghacht Éireann; Modern Irish: Ríocht Éireann) was a client state of the Kingdom of England that existed on Ireland from 1542 until 1800. It came into being when the Parliament of Ireland passed the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 and proclaimed King Henry VIII of England as King of Ireland. The territory of the Kingdom had previously had the status of a lordship of the Crown.
The Parliament of Ireland passed the Acts of Union 1800 by which it abolished itself and the Kingdom. The act was also passed by the Parliament of Great Britain. The act also had the effect of establishing the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on the first day of 1801 by uniting the Crowns of Ireland and of Great Britain. In its early years, the Kingdom of Ireland had limited recognition. While some Protestant powers in Europe recognised Henry and his heir Edward as monarch of Ireland, no Catholic power did so. Henry's daughter, Queen Mary I of England, was recognised as Queen of Ireland by Pope Paul IV in 1555.
The papal bull Laudabiliter of Pope Adrian IV was issued in 1155. It granted the Angevin King Henry II of England the title Dominus Hibernae (Latin for "Lord of Ireland"). Laudabiliter authorised the king to invade Ireland, to bring the country into the European sphere. In return, Henry was required to remit a penny per hearth of the tax roll to the Pope. This was reconfirmed by Adrian's successor Pope Alexander III in 1172.
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