Nikolay Semyonov
| Nikolay Semyonov (or Semenov) | |
|---|---|
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| Born | Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov 15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1896 Saratov, Russian Empire |
| Died | 25 September 1986 (aged 90) Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Fields | physicist and chemist |
| Doctoral advisor | Abram Ioffe |
| Known for | chemical transformation |
| Notable awards | Nobel Prize in chemistry (1956) Lomonosov Gold Medal (1969) |
Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (or Semenov), ForMemRS (Russian: Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов; 15 April [O.S. 3 April] 1896 – 25 September 1986) was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. Semyonov was awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.
Semyonov was born in Saratov, the son of Elena Dmitrieva and Nikolai Alex Semyonov. He graduated from the department of physics of Petrograd University (1913–1917), where he was a student of Abram Fyodorovich Ioffe. In 1918, he moved to Samara, where he was enlisted into Kolchak's White Army during Russian Civil War.
In 1920, he returned to Petrograd and took charge of the electron phenomena laboratory of the Petrograd Physico-Technical Institute. He also became the vice-director of the institute. In 1921, he married philologist Maria Boreishe-Liverovsky (student of Zhirmunsky). She died two years later. In 1923, Nikolay married Maria's niece Natalia Nikolayevna Burtseva. She brought Nikolay a son (Yuri) and a daughter (Lyudmila).
During that difficult time, Semyonov, together with Pyotr Kapitsa, discovered a way to measure the magnetic field of an atomic nucleus (1922). Later the experimental setup was improved by Otto Stern and Walther Gerlach and became known as Stern–Gerlach experiment.
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