Pyotr Kapitsa
| Pyotr Kapitsa | |
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Pyotr Kapitsa in the 1930s
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| Native name | Пётр Леонидович Капица |
| Born | Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa 8 July 1894 Kronstadt, Russian Empire |
| Died | 8 April 1984 (aged 89) Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Citizenship | Russian Empire (1894–1917) → RSFSR (1917–1922) → Soviet Union (1922–1984) |
| Nationality | Russian, Soviet |
| Fields | Physics |
| Doctoral students | David Shoenberg |
| Known for | Superfluidity |
| Notable awards |
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Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa or Peter Kapitza (Russian: Пётр Леони́дович Капи́ца, Romanian: Petre Capiţa (8 July [O.S. 26 June] 1894 – 8 April 1984) was a leading Soviet physicist and Nobel laureate, best known for his work in low-temperature physics.
Kapitsa was born in Kronstadt, Russian Empire to Bessarabian-Volhynian-born parents Leonid Petrovich Kapitsa (Moldovan Leonid Petrovici Capiţa), a military engineer who constructed fortifications, and Olga Ieronimovna Kapitsa from the Ukrainian noble family Stebnytski (Ukrainian Стебницькі). Besides Russian, the Kapitsa family also spoke Romanian. Kapitsa's studies were interrupted by the First World War, in which he served as an ambulance driver for two years on the Polish front. He graduated from the Petrograd Polytechnical Institute in 1918. He subsequently studied in Britain, working for over ten years with Ernest Rutherford in the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, and founding the influential Kapitza club. He was the first director (1930–34) of the Mond Laboratory in Cambridge. In the 1920s he originated techniques for creating ultrastrong magnetic fields by injecting high current for brief periods into specially constructed air-core electromagnets. In 1928 he discovered the linear dependence of resistivity on magnetic field for various metals in very strong magnetic fields.
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