Nikolai Chkheidze

Nikoloz Chkheidze (Georgian: ნიკოლოზ (კარლო) ჩხეიძე; Russian: Никола́й (Карло) Семёнович Чхеи́дзе; transliterated Russian: Nikolay Semyonovich Chkheidze) commonly known as Karlo Chkheidze or Nicolas Cheidze (1864 – June 13, 1926) was a Georgian Social Democrat politician. In the 1890s, he promoted Marxism in Georgia. He was a key figure in the Russian Revolution (February 1917 to October 1917) as the Menshevik president of the Executive Committee of the Soviet of Petrograd, Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic; as president of the Sejm (February 1918 to May 1918) and the Democratic Republic of Georgia; and as president of the Constituent Assembly (May 1918 to March 1921).

Chkheidze was born to an aristocratic family in Poti, Shorapansky Uyezd, Kutaisi Governorate (in the present-day Imereti province of Georgia). He married and had a daughter.

In 1892, Chkheidze, together with Egnate Ninoshvili, Silibistro Jibladze, Noe Zhordania and Kalenike Chkheidze (his brother), became a founder of the first Georgian Social-Democratic group, Mesame Dasi (the third team).

From 1907 to 1916, Chkheidze was a member of Tiflis Gubernyia in the Russian State Duma and gained popularity as a spokesman for the Menshevik faction within the Russian Social Democratic Party.

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