Natal Colony
| Colony of Natal | ||||||||||||
| British colony | ||||||||||||
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Anthem God Save the Queen (1843–1901) God Save the King (1901–1910) |
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| Capital | Pietermaritzburg | |||||||||||
| Religion | Anglican, Dutch Reformed, Hindu, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic, Islam | |||||||||||
| Government | Constitutional monarchy | |||||||||||
| Queen | Victoria | |||||||||||
| Special Commissioner | ||||||||||||
| • | 1843 | Henry Cloete | ||||||||||
| Historical era | Imperialism | |||||||||||
| • | Established | 4 May 1843 | ||||||||||
| • | Annexed Zululand | 1897 | ||||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 1910 | ||||||||||
| • | Natal Province est. | 31 May 1910 | ||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||
| • | 1904 | 91,610 km² (35,371 sq mi) | ||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||
| • | 1904 est. | 1,108,754 | ||||||||||
| Density | 12.1 /km² (31.3 /sq mi) | |||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 South Africa
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The Colony of Natal was a British colony in south-eastern Africa. It was proclaimed a British colony on 4 May 1843 after the British government had annexed the Boer Republic of Natalia, and on 31 May 1910 combined with three other colonies to form the Union of South Africa, as one of its provinces. It is now the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.
It was originally only about half the size of the present province, with the north-eastern boundaries being formed by the Tugela and Buffalo rivers beyond which lay the independent Kingdom of Zululand (KwaZulu in Zulu).
Fierce conflict with the Zulu population led to the evacuation of Durban, and eventually the Boers accepted British annexation in 1844 under military pressure. A British governor was appointed to the region and many settlers emigrated from Europe and the Cape Colony. The British established a sugar cane industry in the 1860s. Farm owners had a difficult time attracting Zulu labourers to work on their plantations, so the British brought thousands of indentured labourers from India. As a result of the importation of Indian labourers, Durban became the home to the largest concentration of Indians outside of India.
In 1823 Francis Farewell, formerly a lieutenant in the British navy, with other merchants of Cape Town, formed a company to trade with the natives of the south-east coast. In the brig "Salisbury", commanded by James S. King, who had been a midshipman in the navy, Farewell visited Port Natal, St Lucia and Delagoa Bays. The voyage was not successful as a trading venture, but Farewell was so impressed with the possibilities of Natal both for trade and colonization that he resolved to establish himself at the port. He went on with ten companions, among them Henry Francis Fynn. All the rest save Farewell and Fynn speedily returned to the Cape, but the two who remained were joined by three sailors, John Cane, Henry Ogle and Thomas Holstead. Farewell, Fynn and the others went to the royal kraal of Shaka, and, having cured him of a wound and made him various presents, obtained a document, dated 7 August 1824, ceding to "F. G. Farewell & Company entire and full possession in perpetuity" of a tract of land including "the port or harbour of Natal". On the 27th of the same month Farewell declared the territory he had acquired a British possession. In 1825 he was joined by King, who had meantime visited England and had obtained from the government a letter of recommendation to Lord Charles Somerset, governor of the Cape, granting King permission to settle at Natal. Farewell, King and Fynn made independent settlements at various parts of the bay.
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