Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah

Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah ibn Ali
Religion	Islam
Lineage	Hashemite , Hashmi
Sect	Muslim
Personal
Born	15 A.H/AD 636 (2nd year of the Caliphate of Umar ibn Khattab) Medina, Hejaz
Died	Wednesday, 1st Muharram, 81 A.H/ Feb 25, AD 700 Medina, Hejaz
Resting place	Medina, Saudi Arabia
Children	Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
Senior posting
Period in office	681–700
Predecessor	Hussein ibn Ali
Successor	Abu Hashim

Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, also known as Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (15 AH – 81 AH; c. AD 636 – 700) and surnamed Abu'l-Qasim was an early Muslim leader. He was a son of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Shi'ite Imam and the fourth Sunni Caliph.

Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah (Muhammad Akbar) was born in Medina about AD 633 (though also said to be during Umar's era), the third of Ali's sons. He was called Ibn al-Hanafiyyah after his mother, Khawlah bint Ja'far; she was known as Hanafiyyah, "the Hanafi woman", after her tribe Banu Hanifah. After the death of Muhammad, the people of Yamamah were declared apostates by the Muslims for refusing to pay the zakat (religious tax); the men were killed (see Ridda wars), and the women were taken to Medina as slaves, Khawlah bint Ja'far among them. When her tribesmen found out, they approached Ali ibn Abi Talib and asked him to save her from slavery and to protect her family’s honor and prestige. Consequently, Ali ibn Abi Talib purchased her, set her free, and, after the death of Fatimah, married her. Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was the only child of Khawlah bint Ja'far. During his father's lifetime he distinguished himself for piety, rectitude, and courage and effectiveness in war. During Ali's caliphate at Kufa he was one of the caliph's four chief lieutenants. He particularly distinguished himself at the battles of Jamal and Siffin.

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