Muhammad al-Taqi
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Muhammad al-Jawad محمد التقي الجواد (Arabic) 9th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam |
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| Born |
c. 12 April 811 CE (10 Rajab 195 AH) Medina, Abbasid Empire |
| Died |
c. 29 November 835 (aged 24) (30 Dhul Qa`dah 220 AH) Baghdad, Abbasid Empire |
| Cause of death | Death by poisoning, according to most Shi'a Muslims. |
| Resting place |
Al-Kadhimiya Mosque, Iraq 33°22′48″N 44°20′16.64″E / 33.38000°N 44.3379556°E |
| Other names | Muhammad al-Taqi |
| Title | |
| Term | 819 – 835 CE |
| Predecessor | Ali al-Ridha |
| Successor | Ali al-Hadi |
| Spouse(s) | Sumānah |
| Children |
Ali al-Hadi Musa al-Mubarraqa Hakimah Khātūn |
| Parent(s) | Ali al-Ridha |
Muhammad ibn ‘Alī ibn Mūsā (Arabic: محمد ابن علی ابن موسی ) (circa April 12, 811 - c. November 29, 835) was the ninth of the Twelve Imams and a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. He was also called Abu Ja'far, Ibn al-Ridha ("the son of al-Ridha); al-Jawād ("the generous") and al-Taqī ("the pious"). His role is celebrated by the largest branch of Shia Islam, the Twelver or Athnā‘ashariyyah branch. According to Shiite accounts, he was poisoned by his wife and died at age 25, the shortest-lived of the Twelve.
Al-Jawad was born circa April 12, 811, in Medina (then part of the Abbasid Empire). He was born to his father, Ali al-Ridha and a mother whose name and background is not entirely known. According to Kulaini, his mother was a bondmaid from Nubia named Habibi. However, some say that she was Khaizaran, a girl from the Byzantine Empire. Others believe she belonged to the household of Maria al-Qibtiyya, who was the slave mother of Muhammad's young son Ibrahim.
Al-Jawad's father, Ali al-Ridha, knew that his son should take the position of Imamate after him. When al-Jawad was four, his father received a summons from the Abbasid Caliph, al-Ma'mun, asking him to be al-Ma'mun's successor. Al-Ridha left the four-year-old al-Jawad behind in Medina to respond to the summons. The Shiites questioned whether a child of that age could take on his father's responsibility as an Imamate if something happened to his father. In response, al-Ridha used to tell the story of Jesus, who had become a prophet at a younger age.
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