Mirza Hussein Naini

Ayatollah Muhammad Hossein Naini Qaravi
Title	Mirza
Born	May 25, 1860 Nain, Isfahan, Iran
Died	1936 Najaf, Iraq
Cause of death	Old age
Resting place	Najaf, Imam Ali Mosque
Other names	Mirza Muhammad Hossein Naini
Nationality	Iranian
Region	Twelver Shia
Religion	Islam
Main interest(s)	Islamic philosophy, Usul al-fiqh
Notable work(s)	Dubios Habit Vassilat'un Nijat Ressalat la Zarar
Disciple of	Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei Muhsin al-Hakim Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i

Mohammad Hussein Naini Qaravi (Persian: محمد حسین نائینی غروی‎‎) was Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one were Sheikhs of Nain and Mohammad Hussein proved himself the most competent student of Ayatollah Kazem Khorasani. Ayatollah Naini is considered to be the most famous theoretician of Iran’s Constitutional Revolution. He died in 1936 and was buried next to shrine of Imam Ali in Iraq. Among his works, notable references are his Dubios Habit, Vassilat'un Nijat, and Ressalat la Zarar. 50th death anniversary of Ayatollah Mirza Mohammed Hussein Naini was memorialized by issue of Stamps Tickets, in Iran, in 1987.

Mirza Muhammad Hossein Naini was born to a respected and religious family of Nain on 25 May 1860 ( 15 Dzulqadah 1276 Lunar Hijrah ). His father Mirza Abdol Rahim and grandfather Haji Mirza Saeed, both one after another were Sheikhs of Nain. Ayatollah Muhammad Hussein Naini, who is better known as Mirza Naini, did his primary studies in Nain and then in 1877 when he was 17 years old, moved to Isfahan. Here he lived with Haji Shaikh Muhammad Baqir Isfahani for seven years. The latter belonged to a distinguished clerical family of Isfahan and was himself the most powerful Mujtahid of that city. After completing basic education he moved to Najaf, Iraq, to achieve the degree of Ijtihad. He proved himself the most competent student of Ayatollah Kazem Khorasani Ayatollah Naini is considered to be the most famous theoretician of Iran’s Constitutional Revolution.

Colonialists of last two centuries invented the theory of separation of politics from religion and rivalry between the old and the new sciences in order to create a gulf between these two systems. They not only divided the language of religion from language of modern science, culture and philosophy, but also developed a big difference between the two with the result that conciliation between these two languages becomes difficult. That is why whenever an anyone of those religious minded people who had been to Europe and were conversant with modern civilization and culture, tried to defend and transmit whatever of religion was left to him, he in most cases presented religion in an ambiguous form which materialized to be incompatible with modern civilization and modern sciences. Realizing the situation, many of scholars, especially during the last 100 years have tried to bridge this gulf and to introduce modern science and civilization in a perspective compatible with the broad and progressive outlook of Islam and free from all misconception and misrepresentation. Mirza Naini is considered to be the most influential authority by introducing his revolutionary approaches to combat the gap between religion and modernity. The integrity of his students in the religious and modern world is the criteria for constructive critic and appreciation.

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