Melville Island (Northern Territory)

Melville

Native name: (Tiwi) Yermalner
Melville Island, viewed from Bathurst Island
Geography
Location	Timor Sea
Coordinates	11°33′S 130°56′E / 11.550°S 130.933°E / -11.550; 130.933Coordinates: 11°33′S 130°56′E / 11.550°S 130.933°E / -11.550; 130.933
Archipelago	Tiwi Islands
Major islands	Melville, Irrititu
Area	5,786 km2 (2,234 sq mi)
Administration
Australia
Territory	Northern Territory
Largest settlement	Milikapiti (pop. 559)
Demographics
Population	ca. 1030
Ethnic groups	Tiwi

Melville Island, known in the Tiwi language as Yermalner, is an island in the eastern Timor Sea, off the coast of the Northern Territory, Australia. It is west of the Cobourg Peninsula in Arnhem Land and north of Darwin, with a tropical climate.

The largest community/town on the island is Milikapiti, pop. 559. The second village is Pirlangimpi (Pularumpi, formerly Garden Point), pop. 440, 27 km west of Milikapiti, on the west coast of Melville Island. About 30 more people live in five family outstations.

At 5,786 square kilometres (2,234 sq mi) it is just outside the 100 largest islands in the world, but is the second biggest island in Australia, after Tasmania (and excluding the continental landmass). Only 55 metres (180 ft) south of its southern tip is Irrititu Island, with an area of 1.60 square kilometres (0.62 sq mi).

Together, Melville Island and Bathurst Island are known as the Tiwi Islands.

It is said that the first European to sight the island was Abel Tasman in 1644, although this is now disputed. Melville Island's most likely first European sighting was probably made by the Portuguese, as the Aboriginal peoples encountered by the explorer Phillip Parker King (son of governor of New South Wales Philip Gidley King) in 1818, were found to know some Portuguese words.

King named it for Robert Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, first lord of the Admiralty, who is also commemorated by the much larger Melville Island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Shortly after this, the British made the first attempt to settle Australia's north coast, at the short-lived Fort Dundas.