Martial law in Taiwan

On May 19, 1949, the Governor of Taiwan Province and the Ministry of National Defense, Republic of China (ROC), Chen Cheng, promulgated the "Order of Martial Law" to announce the imposition of Taiwan martial law (Chinese: 臺灣省戒嚴令; pinyin: Táiwān Shěng Jièyán Lìng). Until the order was lifted by the President Chiang Ching-kuo on July 15, 1987, Taiwan had been under martial law for more than 38 years, which was qualified as "the longest imposition of martial law by a regime anywhere in the world" at that time.

The history of martial law of the ROC could be dated back to the final year of the Qing dynasty. The outline of a 1908 draft constitution—modeled on Japan’s Meiji Constitution- included provisions for martial law. The ROC government promulgated the Provisional Constitution in March 1911, which authorized the president to declare martial law in times of emergency. Then, a series of regulations related to martial law were issued by ROC in mainland China later in 1920s to 1940s. However, the factual legal basis for the martial law in effect between 1948 and 1987 promulgated by ROC was the "Temporary Provisions Effective During the Period of Communist Rebellion" adopted by the ROC National assembly in April 1948. In December 1948, in the face of the mounting nationalists' defeats, Chiang Kai-shek announced the imposition of martial law throughout the country. However, remote areas such as Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, as well as Taiwan Province are not within the scope of the influence. On May 20, 1949, Taiwan Province was officially included under the influence of the martial law.

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