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Malaysian general election, 1990

Malaysian general election, 1990
Malaysia
← 1986 20 – 21 October 1990 1995 →

All 180 seats to the Dewan Rakyat
91 seats needed for a majority
Registered 8,000,000
Turnout 5,751,725 (72.3%)
  First party Second party Third party
  Mahathir 2007.jpg Lim Kit Siang cropped.jpg Tengku-razaleigh.jpg
Leader Mahathir Mohammed Lim Kit Siang Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah
Party Barisan Nasional DAP Semangat 46
Leader since 16 July 1981 October 1969 1989
Leader's seat Kubang Pasu Tanjong Gua Musang
Last election 148 seats, 57.3% 24 seats, 21.1% New Party
Seats won 127 20 8
Seat change Decrease 21 Decrease 4
Popular vote 2,985,392 985,228 826,398
Percentage 53.4% 17.1% 14.8%
Swing Decrease 3.9% Decrease 4.0%

  Fourth party Fifth party
  PAS PBS
Leader Fadzil Noor Joseph Pairin Kitingan
Party PAS PBS
Leader since 1989 5 March 1985
Leader's seat No seat Keningau
Last election 1 seat, 15.5% 10 seats (part of Barisan Nasional)
Seats won 7 14
Seat change Increase 6 Increase 4
Popular vote 391,813 128,260
Percentage 7.0% 2.3%
Swing Decrease 9.5%

Prime Minister before election

Mahathir Mohammed
Barisan Nasional

Prime Minister-designate

Mahathir Mohammed
Barisan Nasional


Mahathir Mohammed
Barisan Nasional

Mahathir Mohammed
Barisan Nasional

A general election was held between Saturday, 20 October and Sunday, 21 October 1990 for members of the 8th Parliament of Malaysia. Voting took place in all 180 parliamentary constituencies of Malaysia, each electing one Member of Parliament to the Dewan Rakyat, the dominant house of Parliament.State elections also took place in 351 state constituencies in 11 (out of 13, except Sabah and Sarawak) states of Malaysia on the same day.

The result was a victory for the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the federal level and 10 of the 11 state elections. The opposition alliance Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU) won a landslide victory over BN in the state of Kelantan, winning all 39 state assembly seats. Voter turnout was 72.3%.

The elections marked the first after United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) party split and the subsequent constitutional crisis in 1988. The reconstituted UMNO Baru (New UMNO), led by incumbent Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, and the newly formed Parti Melayu Semangat 46 (S46), led by Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, contested for the first time in the elections.

It also marked the first time in country general election history when a credible,multi-ethnic coalition have been formed the challenge the dominance of Barisan Nasional.This also lead the country political scene from a dominant party system into two party system. The Muslim opposition parties, Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS), Semangat 46, Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia (BERJASA) and Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia (HAMIM) teamed up to form the Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah (APU). On the other hand, Semangat 46, Democratic Action Party (DAP) and Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS), which withdrew from the Barisan Nasional (BN) at the eleventh hour of the general election, teamed up as Gagasan Rakyat. However, these two opposition alliances cooperated in the election but not openly due to the sensitivity of the secular DAP and the Islamic PAS working together.


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