Low Malay

Baba Malay
Native to	Malaysia (Melaka
Ethnicity	250,000 (1986)
Native speakers	(12,000 cited 1986–2006)
Language family	Malay-based creole
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	baba1267

Peranakan
Baba Indonesian
Region	Java
Native speakers	(20,000 cited 1981)
Language family	Malay-based creole
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	pera1256

Malaccan Creole Malay
Chitties Creole Malay
Native to	Malaysia
Ethnicity	300 (no date)
Native speakers
Language family	Malay-based creole
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	mala1482

Sabah Malay
Region	Sabah, Sulu Archipelago, Labuan
Native speakers	3 million L2 speakers (2013)
Language family	Malay–based pidgin
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	saba1263

Macassar Malay
Region	Makassar, South Sulawesi
Native speakers	None Second language: 1.9 million (2000)
Language family	Mixed Malay–Macassarese
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	maka1305

Balinese Malay
Region	Bali
Native speakers	25,000 (2000 census)
Language family	Malay-based creole
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	bali1279

Bacanese Malay
Region	Bacan, North Maluku
Native speakers	6 (2012)
Language family	Brunei Malay-based creole?
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	baca1243

Gorap
Region	Morotai Island, central Halmahera
Native speakers	(1,000 cited 1992)
Language family	Malay-based creole East Indonesian Gorap
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	gora1261

Kupang Malay
Region	Kupang, West Timor
Native speakers	200,000 (1997) 100,000 L2 speakers (no date)
Language family	Malay-based creole East Indonesian Kupang Malay
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	kupa1239

Bandanese Malay
Banda Malay
Region	Banda Islands
Native speakers	3,700 (2000)
Language family	Malay-based creole East Indonesian Bandanese Malay
Language codes
ISO 639-3
Glottolog	band1353

In addition to its classical and literary form, Malay has various regional dialects established before the rise of the Malaccan Sultanate. Also, Malay spread through interethnic contact and trade across the Malay archipelago as far as the Philippines. That contact resulted in a lingua franca that was called Bazaar Malay or low Malay. It is generally believed that Bazaar Malay was a pidgin, influenced by contact among Malay, Chinese, Portuguese, and Dutch traders.

Besides the general simplification that occurs with pidgins, the Malay lingua franca had several distinctive characteristics. One was that possessives were formed with punya 'its owner'; another was that plural pronouns were formed with orang 'person'. The only Malayic affixes that remained productive were tər- and bər-.

Other features:

For example,

Bazaar Malay is still used to a limited extent in Singapore and Malaysia. The most important consequence, however, has been that pidgin Malay creolised and created several new languages.

Baba Malay or Peranakan Malay, once a diverse group of pidgins, is spoken in Melaka but is now almost extinct. These are Malay varieties spoken by the Peranakan, descendants of Chinese settlers who have lived in Melaka since the 15th Century. Baba Malay is close to the trade pidgins which became creolised across the Malay Archipelago, producing the variety of Malay creoles seen today. A kind of Baba Malay, called Peranakan, is spoken among Chinese living in East Java. It is a mixture of Malay or Indonesian with local Javanese (East Javanese dialect) and Chinese elements (particularly Hokkien). This particular variety is found only in East Java, especially in Surabaya and surrounding areas. While other Chinese tend to speak the language varieties of the places in which they live (the Chinese of Central Java speak High or Standard Javanese in daily conversation even among themselves; in West Java, they tend to speak Sundanese), in Surabaya younger ethnic Chinese people tend to speak pure Javanese (Surabaya dialect) and learn Mandarin in courses.

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Wikipedia