Leipian
| Leipian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Song dynasty painting of Sima Guang
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 類篇 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 类篇 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | categorized chapters | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 類篇 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 류편 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 類篇 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hiragana | るいへん | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Lèipiān |
| Wade–Giles | Lei-p'ien |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Jyutping | Leoi6pin1 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | Luiphiⁿ |
| Middle Chinese | |
| Middle Chinese | Lwijphjien |
| Old Chinese | |
| Baxter-Sagart | [R]u[t]-spʰen |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| McCune–Reischauer | Ryup'yŏn |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Revised Hepburn | Ruihen |
The (1066) Leipian 類篇 is a Chinese dictionary compiled by Song dynasty (960-1279) lexicographers under the supervision of chancellor Sima Guang. It contains 31,319 character head entries, more than twice as many as the 12,158 in the (c. 543) Yupian, and included many new characters created during the Tang (618-907) and Song dynasties. Leipian entries are arranged by a 544-radical system adapted from the 540 radicals of the classic (121) Shuowen Jiezi.
The dictionary title combines two common Chinese words: lèi " category; kind; type; class" and piān "piece of writing; sheet (of paper); chapter". Piān 篇, written with the "bamboo radical" and biǎn 扁 "flat" phonetic, originally meant "bamboo slip (for writing)", comparable with biān "weave; organize; compile" with the "silk radical" —seen in the (1726) Pianzi leipian 駢字類編 "Classified Collection of Phrases and Literary Allusions" dictionary title (Needham et. al 1986: 219).
English translations include Dictionary of Character Sounds (Needham and Wang 1954), Collection of Categorized Characters (Zhou and Zhang 2003), The Classified Chapters (Yong and Peng 2008), and The Categories Book (Theobald 2010).
The Leipian text consists of 15 books (册), each subdivided into 3 parts, for a total of 45 volumes (卷). The 31,319 character head entries are organized by a 544-radical system (Yip 2000: 19). Each entry gives the character in Small Seal Script (following the Shuowen jiezi format), the pronunciation in the fanqie system, definition, and exegesis. The Leipian also notes variant characters, alternate pronunciations, and multiple meanings.
Emperor Renzong of Song (r. 1022-1063) commissioned the Leipian character dictionary project in 1039 and it was completed in 1066. There were four chief editors, three of whom died before completing the dictionary: Wang Zhu 王洙 (997-1057), Hu Xiu 胡宿 (995-1067), Zhang Cili 張次立 (1010-1063), and Fan Zhen 范鎮 (1007-1088).
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