Lal Shahbaz Qalander
| Syed Muhammad Usman Marwandi | |
|---|---|
| Religion | Islam |
| Other names | Lal Shahbaz Qalandar |
| Personal | |
| Born | 1176 Marwand, Afghanistan |
| Died | 19 February 1275 (aged 98–99) Sehwan, Sindh (modern-day Pakistan) |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | Sehwan |
| Period in office | 12th/13th century |
| Predecessor | Baha-ud-din Zakariya |
| Successor | Syed Muhammad Raza Shah Subzwari |
Syed Muhammad Usman Marwandi (1177–19 February 1275), popularly known as Lal Shahbaz Qalandar (Sindhi: لعل شھباز قلندر), was a Sufi philosopher-poet of present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Called Lal ("ruby-colored") after his usual red attire, Shahbaz to denote a noble and divine spirit, Qalandar as a wandering holy man.
Lal Shahbaz Qalandar, son of Pir Syed Hasan Kabeeruddin, was born in Marwand. His ancestors had migrated from Baghdad and settled in Mashhad, before moving again to Marwand.
He lived when the Ghaznavid and Ghurids ruled in the Indus region. A contemporary of Rumi, he travelled around the Muslim world and settled in Sehwan where he was eventually buried. There is evidence of his presence in Sindh in 1196 when he met Pir Haji Ismail Panhwar of Paat and he is believed to have arrived in Sehwan around 1251. There he established a meeting house (khanqah), taught in the Fuqhai Islam Madarrsah and wrote his treatises Mizan-us-Surf, Kism-e-Doyum, Aqd and Zubdah. Lal Shahbaz lived a celibate life and died in the year 1300 at the age of 151.
In Multan he metBaha-ud-din Zakariya of the Suhrwardiyya, Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar of the Chishtiyya and Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari. The friendship of these four became legendary, they were known as the Chahar Yar (In Persian "the four friends"). According to some historians the four visited various parts of Sindh, Punjab (in present-day Pakistan) and southern part of India..
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