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L-threonine

Threonine
Skeletal formula
Ball-and-stick model
Names
IUPAC name
Threonine
Other names
2-Amino-3-hydroxybutanoic acid
Identifiers
3D model (Jmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.000.704
EC Number 201-300-6
PubChem CID
UNII
Properties
C4H9NO3
Molar mass 119.12 g·mol−1
(H2O, g/dl) 10.6(30°),14.1(52°),19.0(61°)
Acidity (pKa) 2.63 (carboxyl), 10.43 (amino)
Supplementary data page
Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constantr), etc.
Thermodynamic
data
Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas
UV, IR, NMR, MS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Threonine (abbreviated as Thr or T) encoded by the codons ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+
3
form under biological conditions), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO form under biological conditions), and an alcohol containing side chain, classifying it as a polar, uncharged (at physiological pH) amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it, and must be ingested in our diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli.

Threonine sidechains are often hydrogen bonded; the commonest small motifs formed are ST turns, ST motifs (often at the beginning of alpha helices) and ST staples (usually at the middle of alpha helices).

The threonine residue is susceptible to numerous posttranslational modifications. The hydroxyl side-chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation. In addition, threonine residues undergo phosphorylation through the action of a threonine kinase. In its phosphorylated form, it can be referred to as phosphothreonine.

It is a precursor of glycine, and can be used as a prodrug to reliably elevate brain glycine levels.


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