Kosmidion
| Eyüp | |
|---|---|
| District | |
View of Golden Horn from Pierre Loti Cafe
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| Motto: Serenity Capital Eyüp | |
 Location of Eyüp in Istanbul |
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 Eyüp
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| Coordinates (=): 41°2′20″N 28°56′05″E / 41.03889°N 28.93472°ECoordinates: 41°2′20″N 28°56′05″E / 41.03889°N 28.93472°E | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Istanbul |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Remzi Aydın (AKP) |
| • Governor | Vasip Şahin |
| Area | |
| • District | 223.78 km2 (86.40 sq mi) |
| Population (2012) | |
| • Urban | 349,470 |
| • District | 356,512 |
| • District density | 1,600/km2 (4,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Area code(s) | 0-212 |
| Website |
www |
Eyüp (pronounced [ˈejyp]) is a municipality () and district of the city of Istanbul, Turkey. The district extends from the Golden Horn all the way to the shore of the Black Sea. Eyüp is also the name of a prominent neighborhood and former village in the district, located at the confluence of the Kağıthane and Alibey streams at the head of the Golden Horn. The Eyüp neighborhood is a historically important area, especially for Turkey's Muslims. Some parts of Fatih, Çatalca and Sarıyer was joined and Eyüp became district centre in 1936. It had also present Gaziosmanpaşa and Bayrampaşa ones and has present boundaries after borough of Yayla was given to Sultangazi in 2009. Its neighbours are Sarıyer from east, Kağıthane and Beyoğlu from southeast, Gaziosmanpaşa, Fatih ve Sultangazi from south, Başakşehir from southwest and Arnavutköy from west.
Modern Eyüp was the site of a settlement already in the Byzantine period, best known as Kosmidion (Greek: Κοσμίδιον). Its name derives from the local monastery of the Anargyroi (Saints Cosmas and Damian), which was established in the 5th century. According to later legend, it was founded by the magister Paulinus, executed by Theodosius II (r. 408–450) when the latter suspected him-erroneously-of having an affair with empress Aelia Eudocia. In reality, it was probably founded ca. 480 by Paulina, the mother of the general and failed usurper Leontius. From her, the quarter was initially known as ta Paoulines (τα Παυλίνης, "Paulina's [quarter]"). The monastery was of some importance in the 6th century: its abbots participated in synods of 518 and 536, a collection of miracles associated with its patron saints appeared, and the monastery received a major renovation as part of the building programme of Justinian I (r. 527–565). In 623 and again in 626, the site was besieged and looted by the Avars.
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