Kingdom of the Suebi
| Kingdom of the Suebi | ||||||||||
| Regnum Suevorum | ||||||||||
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 Greatest extent of the Suebian Kingdom c. 455 AD
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| Capital | Braga | |||||||||
| Languages | Latin (official), Germanic dialects and Vulgar Latin (majority) | |||||||||
| Religion |
Germanic paganism (initially among elite and rural) Arianism (among elite) Chalcedonian Christianity (among commoners) |
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| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| King | ||||||||||
| • | 409–438 | Hermeric | ||||||||
| • | 585 | Malaric | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Suebian leader Hermeric conquers Galicia | 409 | ||||||||
| • | Conquest by the King Leovigild of the Visigothic Kingdom | 585 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
various countries
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The Kingdom of the Suebi (Latin: Regnum Suevorum), also called the Kingdom of Gallæcia (Latin: Regnum Gallæciae), was a Germanic post-Roman kingdom, one of the first to separate from the Roman Empire. Based in the former Roman provinces of Gallaecia and northern Lusitania, the de facto kingdom was established by the Suebi about 410 and during the 6th century it became a formally declared kingdom identifying with Gallaecia. It maintained its independence until 585, when it was annexed by the Visigoths, and was turned into the sixth province of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania.
Little is known about the Suevi who crossed the Rhine on the night of 31 December 406 AD and entered the Roman Empire. It is speculated that these Suevi are the same group as the Quadi, who are mentioned in early writings as living north of the middle Danube, in what is now lower Austria and western Slovakia, and who played an important part in the Germanic Wars of the 2nd century, when together with the Marcomanni fought fiercely against the Romans commanded by emperor Marcus Aurelius. The main reason behind the identification of the Suevi and Quadi as the same group comes from a letter written by St. Jerome to Ageruchia, listing the invaders of the 406 crossing into Gaul, in which the Quadi are listed and the Suevi are not. The argument for this theory, however, is based solely on the disappearance of mention of the Quadi and the emergence of the Suevi, and contrast with the testimony of other contemporary authors, as Orosius who did cite indeed the Suevi among the peoples traversing the Rhine in 406, and who cite them side by side with Quadi, Marcomanni, Vandals and Sarmatians in another passage. Sixth century authors identified the Sueves of Galicia with the Alamanni, or simply with Germans, whilst the 4th century Laterculus Veronensis mentions some Suevi side by side with Alamanni, Quadi, Marcomanni and other Germanic peoples.
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