Kingdom of Pamplona
| Kingdom of Pamplona | ||||||||||
| Iruñeko Erresuma (Basque) | ||||||||||
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 The Kingdom of Pamplona (dark orange) at its greatest extent during the reign of Sancho III (1030)
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| Capital | Pamplona (Iruñea) | |||||||||
| Languages |
Basque Latin Gascon Occitan (Provençal) Navarro-Aragonese |
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| Government | Feudal monarchy | |||||||||
| King | ||||||||||
| • | 824–851 | Íñigo Arista (first) | ||||||||
| • | 1150–1162 | Sancho IV (last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | |||||||||
| • | Established | 824 | ||||||||
| • | Sancho IV names himself "King of Navarre" | 1162 | ||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Spain France
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The Kingdom of Pamplona (Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma) was a Basque kingdom or polity that took form across the western Pyrenees and around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. It was thus one of the Christian political entities that arose on northern Iberia following the conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom by the Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century. The kingdom has its origins in the conflict in the buffer region between the Frankish king Charlemagne an the Islamic caliphate that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (Latin: Pompaelo; Basque: Iruñea), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid the Basque region, in a predominantly Basque-speaking area.
In the year 824 Íñigo Arista, initially with support of the Caliphate of Córdoba and the Muladi Banu Qasi family, founded the Kingdom of Pamplona. Starting in the 10th century the Kingdom would break its formal alliance with Córdoba and would start expanding militarily, establishing strong links with the Christian Kingdom of Leon. A series of dynasties would follow one another, until the year 1162 when the King Sancho IV would change his title from King of Pamplona to King of Navarre, and thus giving form to the Kingdom of Navarre.
Historiographically, the kingdom is usually referred to as the Kingdom of Pamplona. After the conquest of Nájera and the reign of García Sánchez III the kingdom is usually referred to as the Kingdom of Pamplona and Nájera and eventually as the Kingdom of Navarre.
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