Kingdom of Kush
| Kingdom of Kush | ||||||||||||||||
| Kuluš | ||||||||||||||||
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| Capital | Kerma; Napata; later Meroe | |||||||||||||||
| Languages | Meroitic, Nubian languages, Egyptian | |||||||||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Established | 1070 BC | ||||||||||||||
| • | Capital moved to Napata | 780 BC | ||||||||||||||
| • | Capital moved to Meroe | 591 BC | ||||||||||||||
| • | Disestablished | AD 350 | ||||||||||||||
| Population | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Egyptian phase est. | 100,000 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Meroite phase est. | 1,150,000 | ||||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Egypt Sudan
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| Kush in hieroglyphs | ||||||
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k3š Ku'sh |
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The Kingdom of Kush or Kush (/kʊʃ, kʌʃ/) was an ancient Nubian kingdom situated on the confluences of the Blue Nile, White Nile and River Atbara in what is now the Republic of Sudan.
The Kushite era of rule in Nubia was established after the Bronze Age collapse and the disintegration of the New Kingdom of Egypt, and it was centered at Napata in its early phase. After King Kashta ("the Kushite") invaded Egypt in the 8th century BC, the Kushite emperors ruled as pharaohs of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt for a century, until they were expelled by the Assyrians under the rule of Esarhaddon.
During Classical antiquity, the Kushite imperial capital was at Meroe. In early Greek geography, the Meroitic kingdom was known as Aethiopia. By the 1st century AD, the Kushite capital had been captured by the Beja Dynasty, who tried to revive the empire. The Kushite kingdom with its capital at Meroe persisted until the 4th century AD, when it weakened and disintegrated due to internal rebellion. The Kushite capital was eventually captured and burnt to the ground by the Kingdom of Axum.
The native name of the Kingdom was recorded in Egyptian as k3š, likely pronounced /kuɫuʃ/ or /kuʔuʃ/ in Middle Egyptian when the term is first used for Nubia, based on the New Kingdom-era Akkadian transliteration as the genitive kūsi.
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