Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti
| Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti | ||||||||||||||||
| ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო | ||||||||||||||||
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 Extent of the Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti.
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| Capital | Tbilisi | |||||||||||||||
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| Government | Absolute Monarchy | |||||||||||||||
| King | ||||||||||||||||
| • | 1762–1798 | Erekle II (first) | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1798–1800 | George XII (last) | ||||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||||
| • | Unification of Kingdom of Kartli and Kingdom of Kakheti | 1762 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Treaty of Georgievsk | July 24, 1783 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Iranian invasion | 1795 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Part of Qajar Iran | 1795-1797 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Annexation to the Russian Empire | December 18, 1801 | ||||||||||||||
| • | Ratification of Russian Annexation | September 12, 1801 | ||||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
Countries today
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The Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti (Georgian: ქართლ-კახეთის სამეფო) (1762–1801) was created in 1762 by the unification of two eastern Georgian kingdoms, the Kingdom of Kartli and the Kingdom of Kakheti, which had existed independently since the disintegration of the united Georgian Kingdom in the 15th century. From the early 16th century, and confirmed in 1555 by the Peace of Amasya, both kingdoms came and remained under intermittent Iranian rule, until 1747 when due to the death of Nader Shah, both kingdoms under the energetic king Erekle II, declared de facto independence and were unified.
Erekle was able, after centuries of intermittent Iranian rule over Georgia, to guarantee the autonomy over the recently created unified kingdom throughout the chaos that erupted in Iran following the king's death there, and as well throughout the entire Zand period. In 1783, he signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, by which he would formally lay Georgia's investiture in the hands of the Russian Tsar, as well as having the nominal guarantee for protection against new Iranian attempts, or any others, to (re)conquer or attack Georgia. By the 1790s, a new strong Iranian dynasty had emerged under Agha Mohammad Khan, who founded the Qajar dynasty of Iran, which would prove pivotal in the history of the short-lived kingdom.
In the next few years, having secured mainland Iran, the new Iranian king straightly set out to reconquer the Caucasus and bring it back within the Iranian domains. Upon formal demanding of Erekle to denounce the treaty with Russia and to voluntarily reaccept Iranian suzerainty in return for peace and prosperity for his kingdom, which Erekle refused, he subsequently invaded Kartli-Kakheti, capturing and sacking Tbilisi, effectively bringing it back under Iranian rule.
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Wikipedia