Khazars

Kingdom of Khazaria Eastern Tourkia Hazar Kağanlığı
Khazar Khaganate
c. 650–c. 1048
Khazar Khaganate, 650–850
Capital		Balanjar (c. 650-720) Samandar (720s-750) Atil (750-c. 965-969)
Languages		Khazar
Religion		Tengrism Buddhism Judaism Christianity Islam Paganism Religious syncretism
Political structure		Khazar Khaganate
Qaghan
•	618–628	Tong Yabghu
•	9th century	Bulan
•	9th century	Obadiah
•	9th century	Zachariah
•	9th century	Manasseh
•	9th century	Benjamin
•	10th century	Aaron
•	10th century	Joseph
•	10th century	David
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Established	c. 650
•	Disestablished	c. 1048
Area
•	850	3,000,000 km² (1,158,306 sq mi)
Population
•	7th century est.	1,400,000
Currency		Yarmaq
Preceded by Succeeded by Turkic Khaganate Old Great Bulgaria Cumania Pechenegs

in Anatolia
Artuqid dynasty
Saltuqid dynasty
in Azerbaijan
Ahmadili dynasty
Ildenizid dynasty
in Egypt
Tulunid dynasty
Ikhshidid dynasty
in Fars
Salghurid dynasty
in The Levant
Burid dynasty
Zengid dynasty
in Yemen
Rasulid dynasty

The Khazars (Turkish: Hazarlar, Azerbaijani: Xəzərlər, Tatar: Xäzärlär, Hebrew: כוזרים‎‎ (Kuzarim),Arabic: خزر‎‎ (khazar), Ukrainian: Хоза́ри, Russian: Хаза́ры, Persian: خزر‎‎, Greek: Χάζαροι, Latin: Gazari/Gasani) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people, who created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the breakup of the Western Turkic Kaganate. Astride a major artery of commerce between northern Europe and southwestern Asia, Khazaria became one of the foremost trading emporia of the medieval world, commanding the western marches of the Silk Road and playing a key commercial role as a crossroad between China, the Middle East and Kievan Rus'. For some three centuries (c. 650–965) the Khazars dominated the vast area extending from the Volga-Don steppes to the eastern Crimea and the northern Caucasus.